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中國管巢蛛屬一新種及一新紀錄種記述(蜘蛛目:管巢蛛科)

2017-12-12 06:15:03喻浩張劍霜陳建
四川動物 2017年6期

喻浩, 張劍霜, 陳建

(1. 貴州師范學院化學與生命科學學院,貴陽550018; 2. 貴州師范大學生命科學學院,貴陽550018;3.湖北大學生命科學學院,武漢433000)

中國管巢蛛屬一新種及一新紀錄種記述(蜘蛛目:管巢蛛科)

喻浩1, 3, 張劍霜2, 陳建3*

(1. 貴州師范學院化學與生命科學學院,貴陽550018; 2. 貴州師范大學生命科學學院,貴陽550018;3.湖北大學生命科學學院,武漢433000)

記述了產自中國海南和云南的2種管巢蛛:雙羽管巢蛛,新種Clubionabipinnatasp. nov.和拉瑪管巢蛛ClubionaramaDankittipakul & Singtripop, 2008,新紀錄種。提供了2個物種的外生殖器手繪點線圖、顯微照片及采集記錄圖。標本保存于貴州師范學院動物標本室。

分類學;管巢蛛屬;新種;新紀錄種;中國

管巢蛛屬ClubionaLatreille, 1804目前全球記錄495種,是管巢蛛科Clubionidae中多樣性最高的類群,占該科已知種類的80%以上(World Spider Catalog,2017),廣布于全球熱帶及溫帶地區(Dankittipakul & Singtripop,2008a)。近10年來,國內眾多學者(Liuetal.,2007;Zhangetal.,2007;張鋒等,2007a,2007b;Zhang & Zhu 2009;喻浩,2010;Yuetal.,2012;Wu & Zhang,2014a,2014b;Wangetal.,2015;Wuetal.,2015;Dong & Zhang,2016;Heetal.,2016;Liuetal.,2016;Yu & Chen,2017)都對中國管巢蛛屬進行過研究和報道,使得中國該屬物種種數達到122種,位列我國漏斗蛛科Agelenidae龍角蛛屬Draconarius、狼蛛科Lycosidae豹蛛屬Pardosa及幽靈蛛科Pholcidae幽靈蛛屬Pholcus之后,成為中國蜘蛛屬級階元的第四大類群(李樞強,林玉成,2016;World Spider Catalog,2017)。然而,我國管巢蛛屬的生物多樣性調查仍不夠充分,還有較多的新種和新紀錄種亟待發現(Heetal.,2016)。

筆者在檢視采自海南和云南的標本(保存于貴州師范學院動物標本室)時,發現管巢蛛屬一新種Clubionabipinnatasp. nov.和我國一新紀錄種ClubionaramaDankittipakul & Singtripop, 2008。測量單位為mm;分類學描述和術語參照Dankittipakul和Singtripop(2008a,2008b)。

雙羽管巢蛛,新種,Clubionabipinnatasp.nov.(圖版Ⅰ:1~5,圖1)

模式標本:正?!?,海南省陵水縣光坡鎮(109°52.542′E,18°48.124′N,海拔380 m),2010年3月11日,劉鳳想采;副模1♀,采集信息同正模。

詞源學:新種名源自拉丁詞“bipinnatus”,意為“二羽狀的”,指本新種外雌器腹面插入孔兩側的骨片輪廓的形狀。

鑒別特征:本新種近似于分離管巢蛛C.diversaO. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862(Almquist, 2006: 381, f. 329a~f)與雙凹管巢蛛C.duoconcavaZhang & Hu, 1991(張古忍,胡運謹, 1991: 417, f. 1~4),外雌器腹面均具有位于生殖板后位且緊靠的插入孔,同時外雌器背面均具有靠攏且向上并行行走的交配管及分為兩室的納精囊。但本新種與后兩者的主要區別為:1)本種兩插入孔兩側各具一橫向、羽毛輪廓的骨片;2)后兩種外雌器背面具有一覆蓋交配管與納精囊的大骨板,而本種則無;3)第一納精囊與第二納精囊的相對大小和位置有差異。

描述:雌性。體長4.53~4.88(n=2)。正模(圖版Ⅰ:1)體長4.53;頭胸部長2.37,寬1.78;腹部長2.16,寬1.39。背甲基本色為淡橙色且無明顯斑紋,近卵圓形,頭區稍狹窄并未隆起,前緣色深。中窩縱向,紅色細縫狀,眼區后部為頭胸部隆起的最高處。8眼2列,前眼列背面觀近平直,后眼列略前凹。眼直徑:前中眼0.11,前側眼0.14,后中眼0.10,后側眼0.11;眼間距:前中眼間距0.15,前中側眼間距0.08,后中眼間距0.34,后中側眼間距0.19;中眼域長0.32,前邊寬0.30,后邊寬0.54,額高0.04。螯肢淺紅褐色,前齒堤4齒,后齒堤3齒。顎葉淡黃色,長大于寬,其端部內側具毛簇;下唇淡黃色,端部具若干長毛;胸板黃白色,心形。步足淡黃色,無明顯斑紋。步足測量:Ⅰ 5.01(1.34,1.99,1.06,0.63),Ⅱ 5.74(1.60,2.23,1.23,0.70),Ⅲ 4.57(1.31,1.47,1.24,0.54),Ⅳ 6.29(1.79,2.06,1.85,0.59)。足式4213。腹部卵圓形,背面基本色為淡黃色且散布有細小灰色羽狀斑,前端中部具2條淺灰色細縱斑,后端中部隱約可見一黑色縱紋;腹面基本色為黃白色,自生殖溝至紡器具2條淺色細縱斑紋。

外雌器(圖版Ⅰ:2~5):無交媾腔。透過半透明的生殖腹板,可見1對位于前位的第一納精囊。兩插入孔緊靠,小且不明顯,位于生殖板后位。生殖孔及其兩側各覆蓋有一橫向、輪廓為羽毛狀的骨片。對稱的交配管自插入孔處平行上行至外雌器中部,繼而向兩側橫向行走,最終與球形的第一納精囊相連;受精管短小彎曲,呈膜質飄帶狀。第二納精囊較大,球狀,膜質透明。

雄性未知。

分布(圖1):目前僅知分布于模式產地。

拉瑪管巢蛛ClubionaramaDankittipakul&Singtripop,2008(圖版Ⅱ:6~11,圖1)

ClubionaramaDankittipakul & Singtripop, 2008b: 645, f. 10~23 (♂♀);

Dhalietal., 2016: 289, f. 7A~E, 8A~C (♀);

Dhali, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2017: 58,f. 237~241, pl. 21 (♀).

檢視標本:3♀,云南省西雙版納勐侖溝谷雨林(101°12.893’E,21°57.669’N,海拔680 m),2011年1月3日,甘文瑾采。

鑒別特征:本種近似于曲管巢蛛ClubionatortuosaZhang & Yin, 1998(張永靖,尹長民, 1998: 13, f. 14~15),外雌器腹面均具有縱向狹長的交媾腔,同時外雌器背面均具有位于前位的細長、彎曲的交配管,及位于后位的大且呈腎形的第二納精囊,區別于同屬其他物種。兩種的主要區別在于交配管的盤繞方式和走向明顯不同:曲管巢蛛交配管自插入孔向兩側上方行走后,隨即折回外雌器中部與第一納精囊相連,而拉瑪管巢蛛的交配管在與第一納精囊相連之前經歷過2次上行并彎曲呈“3”形,其盤繞方式明顯比曲管巢蛛復雜。

描述:雌性。體長8.75~9.43(n=3)。1雌蛛(圖版Ⅱ:6)體長9.12;頭胸部長3.39,寬2.52;腹部長5.47,寬3.23。背甲基本色為淺紅褐色且無明顯斑紋,近卵圓形,頭區稍狹窄且隆起,前緣色深。中窩縱向,黑色細縫狀,中窩處為頭胸部隆起之最高處。8眼2列,前眼列背面觀微后凹,后眼列略前凹。眼直徑:前中眼0.15,前側眼0.16,后中眼0.15,后側眼0.16;眼間距:前中眼間距0.14,前中側眼間距0.12,后中眼間距0.37,后中側眼間距0.27;中眼域長0.44,前邊寬0.45,后邊寬0.66,額高0.09。螯肢紅棕色,前齒堤5齒,后齒堤3齒。顎葉紅褐色,長大于寬,端部內側色淺且具毛簇;下唇紅褐色,端部色淺,具若干長毛;胸板黃褐色,心形。步足淺紅棕色,無明顯斑紋。步足測量:Ⅰ5.01(1.34,1.99,1.06,0.63),Ⅱ5.74(1.60,2.23,1.23,0.70),Ⅲ4.57(1.31,1.47,1.24,0.54),Ⅳ6.29(1.79,2.06,1.85,0.59)。足式4213。腹部卵圓形,背腹面均為灰白色且無斑紋。

外雌器(圖版Ⅱ:7~11):交媾腔前端心形,后端狹長延伸至生殖板后位處。插入孔位于交媾腔前緣兩側,兩對稱的交配管自插入孔處向上到達外雌器上部后,平行折回至外雌器中部,繼而向兩側上部傾斜,呈“3”形,然后再次彎折與外雌器中位的第一納精囊相連。納精囊分兩部分:第一納精囊管狀,螺旋扭曲,受精管短小,膜質飄帶狀;第二納精囊較大,腎形,膜質透明。

分布(圖1):中國(云南西雙版納,新分布)、泰國、印度。

圖版Ⅰ 雙羽管巢蛛,新種Clubiona bipinnata sp. nov., 雌蛛正模PlateⅠ Clubiona bipinnata sp. nov., female holotype

1.雌蛛外形, 背面觀female habitus, dorsal view; 2, 4. 外雌器腹面觀epigyne, ventral view; 3, 5. 外雌器內部結構背面觀vulva, dorsal view;BS. 第二納精囊bursae, CD. 交配管copulatory duct, CO. 插入孔copulatory opening, FD. 受精管fertilization duct, S. 骨片sclerite, SH. 納精囊頭spermathecae head, SP. 納精囊spermathecae; 下同the same below.

圖版Ⅱ 拉瑪管巢蛛Clubiona rama Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2008,新紀錄種PlateⅡ Clubiona rama Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2008, newly recorded species

6. 雌蛛外形, 背面觀female habitus, dorsal view; 7, 9. 外雌器腹面觀epigyne, ventral view; 8, 10. 外雌器內部結構背面觀vulva, dorsal view; 11. 外雌器左側管道走向示意圖schematic course of left internal duct system; A. 交媾腔atrium.

圖1 雙羽管巢蛛和拉瑪管巢蛛的分布記錄點Fig. 1 Sampling records of Clubiona bipinnata sp. nov. and C. rama Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2008

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ANewandaNewlyRecordedSpeciesofGenusClubiona(Araneae:Clubionidae)fromChina

YU Hao1, 3, ZHANG Jianshuang2, CHEN Jian3*

(1. College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China; 2. School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550018, China; 3. College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 433000, China)

Two sac spider species,Clubionabipinnatasp. nov. andC.ramaDankittipakul & Singtripop, 2008 from Hainan and Yunnan provinces of China are identified, described and illustrated.C.ramais recorded from China for the first time. Sampling records of these two species are given in the map. Specimens are deposited in the specimen room of Guizhou Education University.

Clubionabipinnatasp.nov. (PlateⅠ:1-5,Fig.1)

Typematerial: Holotype ♀, Guangpo town, Lingshui county, Hainan province, China, 109°52.542′E, 18°48.124′N, Alt. 380 m, 11 Mar., 2010, Liu F.X. leg. Paratype 1 ♀, same data as holotype.

Etymology: The specific epithet derives from the Latin word “bipinnatus” (bipinnate), referring to the shape of the sclerites which located on the sides of copulatory openings. Adjective.

Diagnosis:Clubionabipinnatasp. nov. seems close toC.diversaO. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862 (Almquist, 2006: 381, f. 329a-f) andC.duoconcavaZhang & Hu, 1991 (Zhang & Hu, 1991: 417, f. 1-4), but is consistently separable by its genitalia. Females ofC.bipinnatasp. n. resemble those ofC.diversaandC.duoconcavaby the presence of copulatory openings which are close together, the copulatory ducts which ascend anteriorly and running parallel, but differ from the latter two by: 1) the presence of bipinnate sclerites which located on the sides of copulatory openings; 2) the absence of an sclerite plate which covered copulatory ducts and bursae; 3) relative size and relative positions of spermathecae and bursae.

Genitalia(PlateⅠ:2-5): Atrium absent; spermathecae dark in color and visible through the semitransparent epigynal plate; copulatory openings small and close to each other, located at posterior portion of epigynal plate; there are two horizontal and feather-shaped sclerites on both sides of copulatory openings. Copulatory ducts ascend anteriorly and running parallel, then ascend obliquely and connect with more or less globular spermathecae; fertilization ducts short and curved, membranous. Bursae globular, relatively large, semitransparent.

ClubionaramaDankittipakul&Singtripop,2008(PlateⅡ:6-11,Fig.1)

Materialexamined: 3♀, Menglun town, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, China, 101°12.893’E, 21°57.669’N, Alt. 680 m, 3 Jan., 2011, Gan W.J. leg.

Diagnosis: The females ofC.ramadiffer from other congeners except ofC.tortuosaZhang & Yin, 1998 (Zhang & Yin, 1998: 13, f. 14-15) in having the similar elongate-narrowed atrium, the slender and coiled copulatory ducts, and the reniform bursae, but can be distinguished by the course of copulatory ducts: 1) copulatory ducts ascend to anterior border of epigynal plate 2 times, instead of only once inC.tortuosa; 2) the mid-pieces of copulatory ducts are “3”-shaped, but not inC.tortuosa; 3) coil of copulatory ducts is more complicated inC.rama.

Genitalia(PlateⅡ:7-11): Atrium anteriorly cordiform, posteriorly elongate-narrowed; copulatory openings small, located on lateral part of atrium, leading to parallel copulatory ducts which move posteriorly then ascend obliquely, forming “3”-shaped and descending posteriorly, finally connect with tubular spermathecae. Spermathecae strongly twisty; fertilization ducts short and curved; bursae reniform, relatively large, semitransparent.

taxonomy;Clubiona; new species; newly recorded species; China

10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170122

2017-04-15接受日期2017-08-11

國家自然科學基金項目(31702006); 貴州省科學技術基金項目(J[2014]2146); 貴州師范學院自然科學研究基金項目(13BS018); 科技部基礎性工作專項(2014FY110100); 貴州師范大學資助博士科研項目(11904/0517069)

喻浩(1986—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 研究方向:蜘蛛分類與多樣性研究, E-mail:insect1986@126.com

*通信作者Corresponding author, E-mail:chen.jian_hb@foxmail.com

Q959.226

A

1000-7083(2017)06-0692-05

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