耳鼻喉術后感染因素的探討

倪寶良

[摘要] 目的 探討耳鼻喉疾病患者術后感染的相關因素。 方法 選取2016年12月～2017年6月我院耳鼻喉科患者96例，治療方案為手術治療，統計分析患者術后感染情況，相關因素包括年齡、性別、感染部位、住院時間、手術持續時間、抗生素使用情況等。依據分析情況進行相應臨床診療操作。 結果 選取的96例患者發生感染6例，感染率為6.25%。其中男女各3例，感染率為6.52%和6.00%。按年齡分組發現≥45歲和<45歲兩組均有3例，感染率為5.36%和7.50%。術后發生呼吸系統、消化系統、泌尿系統和其他疾病造成的感染率為6.67%、7.69%、4.76%和5.26%，組間比較差異均無統計學意義（P>0.05）；按手術時間、住院時間和術后抗生素使用情況對手術感染發生率進行因素間比較發現，三類因素組間差異均有統計學意義（P<0.05）。 結論 分析耳鼻喉科手術患者術后感染因素，針對性進行相關操作，正確合理使用抗生素，可縮短住院時間，提高治療效果，值得臨床推廣。

[關鍵詞] 耳鼻喉；術后；感染因素；臨床用藥

[中圖分類號] R762 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701（2017）36-0061-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the related factors of postoperative infection in the patients with otolaryngological diseases. Methods 96 patients in the E.N.T. Department in our hospital from December 2016 to June 2017 were selected. The treatment protocol was surgical treatment. The postoperative infection was statistically analyzed. Relevant factors included age， sex， site of infection， length of stay， duration of surgery， use of antibiotics and more. According to the analysis， the corresponding clinical diagnosis and treatment operations were carried out. Results Among 96 patients who were selected， 6 patients were infected， with the infection rate of 6.25%. There were 3 males and females， with infection rates of 6.52% and 6.00%. By age groups， it was found that there were 3 cases in both groups in the patients over 45 years of age and less than 45 years of age， with the infection rate of 5.36% and 7.50%. Infections rates of postoperative respiratory， digestive， urinary and other diseases were 6.67%， 7.69%， 4.76% and 5.26% respectively. Data comparison found no statistically significant differences between groups（P>0.05）； according to the operation time， length of stay and postoperative antibiotic use， the incidence rate of surgical infections was compared between groups， and the differences of three factors were found statistically significantly different（P<0.05）. Conclusion The postoperative infection factors for the patients receiving E.N.T. surgery is analyzed. Relevant procedures are carried out pertinently， and the antibiotics is used reasonably， which can shorten the length of hospital stay and improve the curative effect， which is worthy of clinical promotion.

[Key words] E.N.T.； Postoperative； Infection factors； Clinical drug use

手術治療是耳鼻喉科疾病經常用到的一種治療手段[1]，與其他外科手術一樣，術后感染成為治療后常見的臨床疾病，手術后患者感染不僅影響手術治療的質量，同時也延長患者的治療時間，不同層度增加治療費用，造成患者生活質量下降和心理上的負擔。因耳鼻喉術后感染發生率高，相關因素也較多，因此分析感染發生的相關因素，針對性采取手段降低和減少術后感染是反映治療水平的重要指標。為減少和控制術后感染，減輕患者痛苦和經濟負擔，醫護人員應高度重視各項治療操作，以免發生手術后感染。相關學者[2，3]統計發現發生術后感染的主要部位為泌尿系統、消化系統、呼吸系統等，本文就相關因素進行資料分析，總結患者術后感染影響因素，為臨床治療及操作提供依據，現報道如下。……