吳成光
[摘要] 腎細(xì)胞癌是常見(jiàn)泌尿系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,2012年溫哥華國(guó)際泌尿病理學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)腎腫瘤的組織學(xué)分類、分期、預(yù)后因素、免疫組化和分子標(biāo)志物等最新進(jìn)展達(dá)成共識(shí),將有助于腎細(xì)胞癌治療選擇及預(yù)后評(píng)估。腎細(xì)胞癌的治療方法主要包括手術(shù)、放化療、熱療、生物治療及靶向治療等,其中腎切除術(shù)、放化療為傳統(tǒng)療法,生物療法可在殺傷腎細(xì)胞癌腫瘤細(xì)胞的同時(shí)提高機(jī)體的免疫力,近年來(lái)熱療及靶向治療用于腎細(xì)胞癌的治療,取得較好治療效果。本文對(duì)腎細(xì)胞癌的分型、診斷、治療進(jìn)展作一綜述,為其臨床診斷及治療提供依據(jù)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腎細(xì)胞癌;泌尿系統(tǒng);放化療;靶向治療
[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.11 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2017)36-0165-04
[Abstract] Renal cell carcinoma is a common urologic malignancy. The Vancouver International Urology Pathology Society reached a consensus on the latest progress of histological classification, staging, prognostic factors, immunohistochemistry and molecular markers in 2012, which would be helpful to the treatment selection and prognosis evaluation of renal cell carcinoma. The treatment methods of renal cell carcinoma mainly include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, hyperthermia, biological therapy and targeted therapy, including nephrectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for traditional therapies. And biological therapy can kill renal cell carcinoma tumor cells while improving the body's immunity. Hyperthermia and targeted therapy have achieved better therapeutic effect for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in recent years. This article reviews the classification, diagnosis and treatment progress of renal cell carcinoma, and provides the basis for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
[Key words] Renal cell carcinoma; Urinary system; Radiotherapy and chemotherapy; Targeted therapy
腎細(xì)胞癌(renal cell carcinoma)是最常見(jiàn)腎實(shí)質(zhì)惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)病率占成人惡性腫瘤的3%~5%,居泌尿系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤第2位,且正以2.5%左右的速度逐年增加,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)2016年美國(guó)新發(fā)腎癌62 000余例,其中腫瘤特異性死亡病例14 000余例[1]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道從2001~2010年美國(guó)新診斷腎癌患者34萬(wàn)左右,發(fā)病率從10.6 /10萬(wàn)上升至12.4/10萬(wàn)[2]。隨著人們保健意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)、生活飲食習(xí)慣的該病及影像學(xué)診斷技術(shù)的提高,我國(guó)范圍內(nèi)腎癌患者檢出率呈逐年上升趨勢(shì),據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)僅2012年中國(guó)大陸得到確診的腎癌患者有66 000余例[3]。臨床資料顯示[4],10%~40%的腎細(xì)胞癌患者產(chǎn)生副瘤綜合征,臨床表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、貧血、高血糖、高鈣血癥、神經(jīng)肌肉病變、紅細(xì)胞沉降率加快、紅細(xì)胞增多癥以及凝血機(jī)制異常等,其中30%為轉(zhuǎn)移性腎癌,可由腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移引起咳嗽、咯血、骨痛、骨折等癥狀去醫(yī)院就診。……