電影對白的會話含義研究
——以《阿甘正傳》為例

曹 紅

——以《阿甘正傳》為例

曹 紅

《阿甘正傳》講述了一個低能兒阿甘堅持本心走向成功的故事。有關電影各個方面的研究也不少，然而，卻鮮有運用會話含義理論去研究本片。因此，作者試圖分析人物對白中豐富的會話含義以及功能，以期能更好的理解和欣賞本片。

首先是阿甘和黑人婦女的對話：

Forrest: Hello， My name’s Forrest Gump.

Black Woman: （Silent）

Forrest: You want a chocolate?

Black Woman: （Silent）

Forrest: I could eat about a million and a half of these. My momma always said， “Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.”

Forrest: Those must be comfortable shoes. I’ll bet you could walk all day in shoes like that and not feel a thing. I wish I had shoes like that.

Black Woman: My feet hurt.

Forrest: Momma always says there’s an awful lot you could tell about a person by their shoes. Where they’re going， where they’ve been.

Forrest: I’ve worn lots of shoes. I bet if I think about it real hard I could remember my first pair of shoes. Momma said they’d take me anywhere.

黑人女士的回答“My feet hurt”顯然并不清晰、準確，違反了合作原則的“避免模糊不清”。而她真正想傳達的是她并不想和阿甘交流。但阿甘并未意識到這一點，仍然繼續自己的話題，違反了合作原則中“話題要相關”。

第二段選取的是阿甘和媽媽的對話：

Mrs. Gump: Remember what I told you， Forrest.You’re no different than anybody else is.

Forrest: （Silent）.

Mrs. Gump: Did you hear what I said， Forrest? You’re the same as everybody else. You are no different.

“different”是委婉語，即不笨。然而就我們所知，他的智力是低于正常人的。阿甘媽媽顯然在說她認為并不正確的事，違反了合作原則中質量原則。而阿甘媽媽反復重述那句話，違反了合作原則中的“要簡潔”的原則。

第三段選自阿甘和總統的對話：

President Kennedy: Congratulations. How does it feel to be an All-American?

1st Player: It’s an honor， Sir.

President Kennedy: Congratulations. How does it feel to be an All-American?

2nd Player: Very good， Sir.

President Kennedy: Congratulations. How does it feel to be an All-American?

3rd Player: Very good， Sir.

President Kennedy: Congratulations. How do you feel?

Forrest: I gotta pee.

President Kennedy: I believe he said he had to go pee.

總統問他作為全美足球隊員的感受，阿甘卻錯誤地理解為問他身體的感覺。阿甘對話語意思的誤讀源自于“feel”這一詞義的不同理解。這里顯然違反了合作原則的“方式原則”。此處也產生了電影的喜劇效果。

綜上分析，阿甘是一個在智力上有缺陷，但仍舊擁有許多珍貴品質的人；……