杜雪蓮+雷迅+何間秀
【摘要】 目的 探討陰道氣囊助產對產程、產后出血、新生兒窒息、剖宮產及會陰側切的影響。方法 600例產婦作為研究對象, 隨機分為觀察組與對照組, 每組300例。觀察組采用陰道氣囊助產, 對照組未做陰道氣囊助產。對比兩組的產程、產后出血、新生兒窒息、剖宮產及會陰側切情況。結果 觀察組產婦第一產程和第二產程時間均明顯短于對照組, 差異均具有統計學意義(P<0.01)。兩組產后2 h出血量和新生兒窒息情況比較差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。觀察組剖宮產率為22.67%, 低于對照組的42.33%, 差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。觀察組會陰側切率為32.67%, 低于對照組的70.00%, 差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論 陰道氣囊助產較常規分娩方式有明顯的優越性, 是一種安全、簡單、有效的助產技術。
【關鍵詞】 陰道氣囊助產;產程;剖宮產;會陰側切
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.24.019
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of vaginal gasbag midwifery on stages of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, caesarean section and episiotomy. Methods A total of 600 puerpera as study subjects were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 300 cases in each group. The observation group received vaginal gasbag midwifery, and the control group received no vaginal gasbag midwifery. Comparison were made on stages of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, caesarean section and episiotomy situation in two groups. Results The observation group had obviously shorter duration of first and second stage of labor than the control group, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.01). Both groups had no statistically significant difference in 2 h postpartum bleeding volume and and neonatal asphyxia (P>0.05). The observation group had lower incidence of caesarean section as 22.67% than 42.33% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The observation group had lower episiotomy rate as 32.67% than 70.00% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Vaginal gasbag midwifery is superior to routine delivery mode, and it is a safe, simple and effective delivery midwifery technique.
【Key words】 Vaginal gasbag midwifery; Stages of labor; Caesarean section; Episiotomy
由于居高的剖宮產率并沒有降低圍生兒的死亡率和母嬰并發癥, 反而增加了母兒的相關并發癥。因此, 降低剖宮產, 促進陰道分娩已成為產科關注的重點, 有文獻報道, 氣囊助產能明顯縮短產程, 提高陰道分娩率, 大大減少會陰側切率、產后出血率和新生兒窒息率[1, 2]。另有文獻表明, 氣囊助產能明顯縮短產程, 但是對產后出血和新生兒窒息率沒有明顯的影響[3]。本文對本院開展的陰道氣囊助產做一總結分析。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取2012年1~2月收入本院產科的產婦600例作為研究對象, 均為初產婦、年齡18~32歲、單胎、頭位、孕周37~41+5周。600例產婦隨機分為觀察組與對照組, 每組300例。納入標準:無嚴重的陰道炎、頭盆不稱及嚴重合并癥的初產婦;行陰道氣囊助產者經簽署知情同意書要求行陰道氣囊單擴助產, 在宮口開大5 cm, 先露在0~+1, 未破膜者先人工破膜, 實施陰道氣囊助產, 全過程持續胎心音監護。
1. 2 儀器與方法 觀察組采用陰道氣囊助產, 對照組未做陰道氣囊助產。
1. 2. 1 儀器 使用淄博科創醫療儀器有限公司生產的KCB-1 型全自動仿生助產儀。
1. 2. 2 方法 產婦取膀胱截石位, 碘伏消毒外陰、陰道, 助手打開儀器電源, 選擇自動菜單, 施術者檢查氣囊是否漏氣, 將無菌氣囊置入先露下1 cm處, 開始充氣, 氣囊直徑在5~8 cm時分別停留1 min及3~5 min, 總計時間8~10 min/次, 做2次, 然后將氣囊置于陰道下段(氣囊下緣在陰道口內)再做一次。endprint