平永美 鄭江美 藍麗霞 杜曉東



[摘要] 目的 探討剖宮產取胎時間的影響因素及取胎時間對新生兒臍動脈血氣分析的影響。 方法 選擇2014年4月~2016年4月擇期剖宮產手術的469例產婦,采用COX風險比例回歸分析產婦的年齡、孕周、體重指數、切口方向、胎頭入盆情況、胎位、有無瘢痕子宮及新生兒體重各因素對取胎時間的影響;進一步分析取胎時間與新生兒臍動脈各血氣參數的相關關系,比較取胎時間對臍動脈血氣參數的影響。 結果 (1)體重指數(BMI)≥30[風險函數(HR)=1.75,95%可信區間(95%CI)1.35~2.27]、瘢痕子宮(HR=1.26,95%CI 1.01~1.56)、異常胎位(HR=1.55,95%CI 1.19~2.01)、巨大兒(HR=1.94,95%CI 1.48~2.55)是延長取胎時間的主要因素;(2)取胎時間與新生兒臍動脈血氣值pH、PO2、BE負相關(r=-0.61,P<0.01;r=-0.25,P<0.05;r=-0.36,P<0.05),與PCO2、Lac正相關(r=0.43,P<0.01;r=0.52,P<0.01);(3)隨著取胎時間延長,臍動脈pH≤7.10、pH≤7.20、PO2≤14.0 mmHg、PCO2≥65 mmHg、BE≤ -8 mmol/L及Lac≥8 mmol/L的發生率增加(P<0.01);(4)與取胎時間≤120 s相比,取胎時間>120 s明顯增加新生兒臍動脈pH≤7.10(RR=1.10,95%CI 1.01~1.18)和pH≤7.20的危險度(RR=1.72,95%CI 1.38~2.15)。 結論 剖宮產取胎時間是影響新生兒臍動脈血氣分析的重要因素之一,取胎時間延長,新生兒呼吸性酸中毒發生率明顯增加;而產婦BMI≥30、瘢痕子宮、異常胎位及巨大兒是影響取胎時間的主要因素。
[關鍵詞] 取胎時間;新生兒;臍動脈;血氣分析;剖宮產
[中圖分類號] R614;R719.8 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2017)13-0011-04
[Abstract] Objective To study the influencing factors of cesarean section delivery time and the effect of delivery time on blood gas analysis of umbilical artery in neonates. Methods 469 puerpera receiving selective cesaren section from April 2014 to April 2016 were selected. The effects of factors such as age of puerpera, gestational age, body mass index, incision direction, fetal head engagement, fetal position, scarring uterus and neonatal body weight on delivery time were analyzed by COX risk ratio regression analysis; the relationship between delivery time and blood gas parameters of neonatal umbilical artery was further analyzed. The effect of delivery time on blood gas parameters of umbilical artery was compared. Results (1)Body mass index(BMI)≥30 [Risk function (HR)=1.75, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.35-2.27], scar uterus (HR=1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.56), abnormal fetal position (HR=1.55, 95% CI 1.19-2.01), and macrosomia (HR=1.94, 95% CI 1.48-2.55) were the main factors of extending the delivery time; (2) Delivery time was negatively correlated with blood gas parameters of neonatal umbilical artery pH, PO2 and BE(r=-0.61, P<0.01; r=-0.25, P<0.05; r=-0.36, P<0.05), and the delivery time was positively correlated with PCO2 and Lac(r=0.43, P<0.01; r=0.52, P<0.01); (3)With the extension of delivery time, the incidence rate of umbilical artery pH≤7.10, pH≤7.20, PO2≤14.0 mmHg, PCO2≥65 mmHg, BE≤-8 mmol/L and Lac≥8 mmol/L was increased(P<0.01); (4)Compared with the delivery time≤120 s, delivery time>120 s significantly increased the risk degree of pH≤7.10(RR=1.10, 95%CI 1.01-1.18) and pH≤7.20(RR=1.72, 95%CI 1.38-2.15) of neonatal umbilical artery. Conclusion Cesarean section delivery time is one of the important factors influencing the blood gas analysis of umbilical artery in neonates. The delivery time is significantly prolonged, and the incidence rate of neonatal respiratory acidosis is significantly increased; maternal BMI≥30, scar uterus, abnormal fetal position and macrosomia are the main factors affecting the delivery time.
[Key words] Delivery time; Neonates; Umbilical artery; Blood gas analysis; Cesarean section
近年來,剖宮產率不斷攀升,已經引起全球的廣泛關注[1],而高剖宮產率并未給新生兒發病率、死亡率帶來實質性的下降,剖宮產相關的新生兒并發癥發生率仍約1%~3%[2],剖宮產新生兒的肺部并發癥及NICU入住率明顯高于自然分娩新生兒[3]。剖宮產手術過程中切開子宮至胎兒娩出這段取胎時間(UID)是最為關鍵的時刻。研究證實子宮切開、擠壓子宮及宮內操作時間過長均會引起胎盤供血減少,可能導致新生兒缺血缺氧[4]。……