一、同位語從句
定義:在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句被稱為同位語從句。被同位語從句修飾的名詞(先行詞)一般是些有信息量的名詞,同位語從句對這類名詞進行解釋說明。
(一) 同位語從句的常見先行詞
1. 不是任意的名詞都可以作同位語從句的先行詞。一般情況下,同位語從句的先行詞是一些有信息承載量的詞,其后修飾的從句用來解釋或說明所表達的具體內容,常見的可以跟同位語從句的抽象名詞有:belief, news, idea, truth, hope, rumor, problem, information, evidence, question, doubt, message, possibility, fact, word, promise, order, suggestion, proposal等。
例如:
The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 他們能橫跨這個大陸的想法讓人振奮。
The fact that ocean ships can go there surprises many people. 船能到達那里讓很多人吃驚不已。
此外,同位語從句還有些固定句式,如:
There is no doubt that... 毋庸置疑……
There is evidence that... 有證據表明……
There is no possibility that... ……是不可能的
There is a chance that... ……是有可能的
Word / News came that... ……的消息傳來
hold the belief that... 認為……
【高考鏈接】
1) There's a feeling in me ______ we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever. (上海高考題)
A. that B. which
C. of which D. what
【答案】 A。
【分析】 that we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever 作 a feeling 的同位語,解釋a feeling 的具體內容。that在從句中不做任何成分。
2) A story goes______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen. (上海高考題)
A. when B. which
C. what D. that
【答案】 D。
【分析】 that 引導的是同位語從句,和story 構成同位關系。that在同位語從句中不充當任何成分,也不能省略。
(二) 同位語從句的常見關系詞
1. 通常用連詞that引導同位語從句,that無詞義,也不作句子成分,但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如:
They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again. 他們表示希望我們再去訪問上海。
I have no idea that she quit her present job. 我不知道她辭掉了現在的工作。
Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答應我,你今天晚上會來參加我們的聚會。
2. 同位語從句還可以用whether,when,where,why,how等引導。如:
The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading. 學生問了我這個問題:這本書是否值得一讀。
I have no idea why he was excited at that time. 我不知道當時他激動的原因。
【高考鏈接】
The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.(浙江高考題)
A. how B. that
C. which D. whether
【答案】 B。
【分析】 belief做先行詞,you are better than anyone else on the sports field為belief具體的解釋說明,同位語從句,答案為that,在從句中不做成分,不可以省略。