The Translation Methods that Zhang Peiji used in the Rhetoric Translation

Abstract：Rhetoric plays a vital importance in the creation of prose and the beauty of article. Therefore， if the translated prose can't express the figure of speech correctly， it couldn't correctly describe the ideology and the artistic style of the writers.

Key words：figure of speech；translation method；translation principles；modern Chinese essays

Psychological space theory is information collection which constitute by the speaker entity and various relationships connect with world.

1. Literal Translation

Therefore， in dealing with the translation of rhetoric which Chinese and western people reach common consensus on the same degree and use literal translation to translate them.

1.1 The Translation Method of Simile

Figures of Speech of Simile have basically the same feature in both English and Chinese， which is the most common and easiest in figure of speech. The basic form of it is “A likes B”. In other words， the described word has distinct feature， which is connected with another words so as to tell a profound truth. The common comparative words includes， as， like， as if， as though and such as， and so on.

For example：

在一片泥沼中我看見一個(gè)怪物，頭上有角，唇上有須，兩眼圓睜，紅亮亮像兩個(gè)燈籠。（巴金，《龍》）

On a vast expanse of marsh， I came across a monster. He had two horns on his head， a moustache on his upper lip and two wide open round eyes glowing like two lanterns.（Zhang， 2010：67）

This sentence is the figure of speech of Simile. It is written to express the authors love toward our country and the pursuit of success. Here， Zhang Peiji takes the method of literal translation to translate “像” into “l(fā)ike”， which not only convey the vivid metaphor of the passage but also can be accepted by readers without much Chinese cultural background.

1.2 The Translation Method of Onomatopoeia

The figure of speech of pun in English is also called Paronomasia with a feature to express two different kinds of meaning by using one word or a sentence so as to help the language more vivid and interesting. Examples：

（1）母雞們咯咯地叫起來了，雞雛們也啁啁地爭(zhēng)食起來。（郭沫若，《夕暮》）

At the clucking of the hens， the chicks scrambled for the feed， chirping.（Zhang，2013：79）

（2）只有雨聲：滴–滴–滴。（巴金，《夢(mèng)》）

Only the drip drip drip of rain.（Zhang，2013：79）

The two sentences use the figure of speech of Onomatopoeia.Just like the word “咯咯”“啁啁”，Mr.Zhang take the strategy of literal translation to translate it into “clucking ” “chirping”， which vividly reflects the features of hens and the clicks scrambled for food. The second sentence tells us the overall environment is darkness and soundless and the only thing can be heard is the sound of falling rain after the author woke up at night. In the translate article the “滴–滴-滴” was translated by Mr.Zhang into “the drip drip drip of rain” which not only reflects the sound of the rain vividly but also shows us the quiet atmosphere and the darkness of the night.

2. Liberal Translation

Different ethnic group have different cultural ，historical and living custom， which result in various viewpoints， ideological mode .In some rhetoric ，it is hard to judge the inner meaning of the language from the literal meaning.

The Translation Method of Parallelism：

Parallelism in Chinese uses the same words and similar structure or sentence component to express opposite， similar of relevant meaning.

For example：

（1）比如那“前不見古人，后不見來者，念天地之悠悠，獨(dú)愴然而涕下。”我獨(dú)立山頭的時(shí)候，就常常默誦它。（冰心，《我的童年》）

（2）“山中列岫青無數(shù)，雁背夕陽紅欲暮。”（徐光興，《槍口》）

There were seemingly endless green mountain ranges strenching into thin mist and wild geese silhoutted against the glow of the setting sun. （Qiao，Huo&Song，2013：30）

The above 2 sentences are both the figure of speech of Parallelism. The first sentence comes from Bingxins prose， My Childhood， which is known as a memory of her childhood. This sentence is the poetry her teacher had told her. The second one describes the scenery of hunting spot in the prose of the Muzzle written by Xu Guanqi. Here， when the literal translation can't translate the language feature and the true meaning of the rhetoric. Mr.Zhang takes the method of liberal translation in order to reflect the original language meaning and cultural atmosphere. This way effectively helps the western readers to feel the cultural atmosphere and have a better understand of Chinese culture.

3. Translation Method of Adding Words

Add words translation is used in translation by increasing some words or reduce some words not mentioned in the passage. Add translation aims to translate the original language which original readers take it for granted while the target readers amused about it.

4. The Translation Method of Anastrophe

Anastrophe is a kind of grammar phenomenon that changes the order of Subject， Predicate， Object， Adverbial， it features in strengthening mood. It is very common in Chinese and English grammar.

For example：

“你的本事不過這一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，”我這樣想著，覺得膽子更大了。（巴金，《狗》）

“Aha， he's now used up all his tricks！” said i to myself， feeling much more emboldened.（Zhang，2009：170）

This sentence comes from The Dog written by Ba Jin， he hopes to reveal the fact that we should be brave enough to fight against evil things because they are not as strong as we imagined. This sentence mainly reveals the fact that the author realized the hypocritical of the dog. It uses the figure of the speech of Anastrophe， its general order should be like that “你不過這一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的本事”.Here Mr.zhang added the word "Aha" to express correctly the feeling of the author of proud and smart after know the essence of the dog.

【Reference】

[1] Baker， Mona. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies[Z]. Shanghai： Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press， 2004.

[2] Dickie， Gorge. Introduction to Aesthetics [M]. London： Oxford University press， 1973.

【作者簡(jiǎn)介】

孔麗紅（1991—），女，漢族，山東省文登縣人，遼寧大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院2015級(jí)英語專業(yè)學(xué)生，主要研究方向：翻譯學(xué)。