四步智取短文改錯

蒙杏菊

短文改錯主要考查考生英語語法的綜合運用能力，在高考英語第一輪的復習中，許多學生已掌握了基本的英語語法，然而學生在做題時得分仍然不高。針對考生在改錯中的失分情況，筆者總結出“四步”解題方法，幫助考生提高得分率。

一、讀

做短文改錯首先要通讀全文，了解文章的大意，對文章的結構和行文邏輯要做到心中有數。切忌一邊讀一邊改，以防先入為主而導致失分。即使對于一些比較簡單的錯誤，也不必急于修改。

二、譯

當考生理解了文章大意后，不妨對每句話進行翻譯，在翻譯的過程中就會發現某些錯誤特別明顯，這種錯誤主要集中在邏輯意義上的錯誤和固定搭配上的錯誤。

[例1]（2016全國新課標Ⅱ卷）My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.

解析：譯成漢語為“我的同學和我正在談論在假期怎樣做”。如何做什么呢？意義不通，應為“正在討論做什么”，由此可知，故改 how為what。

[例2]（2016全國新課標Ⅰ卷） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant... he hopes that our business will grow steadily.

解析：譯成漢語為“我叔叔是一家餐館的老板……他希望我們的生意能穩定增長”。叔叔的餐館與“我們的生意”不合邏輯，應是“他的生意”，故改our為his。

[例3]（2016廣州一模）Thanks for his advice， I never give up when I do anything.

解析：譯成漢語為“因他的建議而感謝，當我做任何事情，我從不放棄”。顯然，前后邏輯不通順，應為“多虧（thanks to）他的建議，我做任何事都不放棄”。故改for為to。

三、思

所謂“思”就是認真思考各種詞類在句子中的運用是否正確。這要求考生要以句子為單位，逐句研讀，分析句子成分，判斷各種詞類在句子中的運用是否正確。從近幾年的高考全國卷來看，短文改錯中的錯誤主要集中在詞類的混用上。主要考點歸納成以下表格。建議考生每次在做改錯題前，列出以下表格中的考點，在做題過程中逐一對照分析。

四、改

經過第二步的“翻譯”和第三步的“思考分析”，考生基本能發現短文中的錯誤，到了第四步的“修改”也變得得心應手了。在修改的過程中，必須遵循“四不改”和“四原則”。

“四不改”是：（1）單詞拼寫不改；（2）大小寫不改；（3）詞序不改；（4）標點符號不改。

“四原則” 是：（1）忠實于原文，不改變句意；（2）錯誤以改動最少為最佳；（3）添加或刪除只針對虛詞（冠詞、介詞、代詞、連詞）；（4）實詞只改形式，不改變其詞意。

【實戰演練】（2016全國新課標Ⅲ卷）

The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first， I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However， my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time， I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last， I will be on my own， but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

參考答案：

The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first， I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However， my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time， I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last， I will be on my own， but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever ∧need help.

責任編輯 蔣小青