重視詞組積累，提高完形得分

言歡

與以往的廣東卷相比，全國卷完形填空中明顯加重了對詞組的考查。

一、真題回顧

1.（2007全國大綱I卷）....Seeing their mother take to the air， the birds eagerly flapped（拍打）their wings and 55 . She flew the plane freely in the sky， her young birds following.

55. A. looked away B. set out C. went by D. turned back

解析：set out 表示“動身，出發”，look away表示“把視線移開”，go by表示“經過，（時間）流逝”，turn back表示“往回走”，根據語境，此時小鳥也開始展翅飛翔，故選B。

2.（2010全國新課標卷）I saw him 39 his watch and decided，since I was not busy—my patient didnt 41 at the appointed hour， I would examine his wound.

39. A. taking off B. fixing C. looking at D. winding

41. A. turn up B. show off C. come on D. go away

解析：39. take off“脫下，（飛機）起飛”，look at“看”，根據文意選C。41題turn up意為“到達，出現，露面”，show off意為“炫耀”，come on意為“加油”，go away意為“走開，離開”。由“我不忙”可知病人還沒到來，故選A。

3.（2010全國大綱I卷）He replied that she 46 knew who he was，that she had not been able to recognize him for five years now.

46. A. so far B. neither C. no longer D. already

解析：so far“到目前為止，迄今”，no longer“不再”，由句意可知她已經不再知道他是誰了，故答案是C。

4.（2011全國大綱II卷）Another place where unplanned short sleep 27 is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so loudly that the professor has to ask another student to shake the sleeper awake.

27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns

解析：go on“發生，出現”，end up“以……告終”，由句意可知答案是A。

5.（2011全國大綱II卷）If the drivers are lucky， they are not seriously hurt. One womans car， 38 ， went into the river.

38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example

解析：in time“及時，遲早”，at first“起初”，as usual“和往常一樣”，for example“例如”，由句意可知答案是D。

6. （2012全國大綱II卷）I had 25 five interviews with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not get the job.

25. A. prepared for B. attended C. asked for D. held

解析：prepared for“為……做準備”，attended“參加”，ask for“向……要，征詢”，hold“舉行”，本題選B。

7.（2012全國大綱II卷）As I pulled the bus over to 28

a little girl， she handed me an earring saying I should keep it

30 somebody claimed（認領）it.

28. A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for

30. A. in case B. or else C. as if D. now that

解析：28題，wave at“向……揮手”，drop off“讓某人下車”，call on“號召，拜訪”，look for“尋找”，結合語境無疑B是最佳答案。30題，in case“以免，以防”，or else“否則”，as if“好像”，now that“既然”。選項A最符合文意。

8.（2012全國大綱I卷）The Latino， trying to express friendship， will keep moving closer. The Norwegian， very probably seeing this as pushiness， will keep 49 —which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.

49. A. stepping forward B. going on

C. backing away D. coming out

解析：step forward“前進”，go on“繼續”，back away“后退”，come out“出來”。挪威人將不停地后退，故選C。

9.（2013全國新課標I卷）I went to a group activity， “Sensitivity Sunday”which was to make us more 36 the problem faced by disabled people. We were asked to“adopt a disability”for several hours one Sunday.

36. A. curious about B. aware of

C. interested in D. careful with

解析：curious about“對……好奇”，aware of“意識到”，interested in“對……感興趣”，careful with“對……小心，注意”?；顒拥哪康氖亲屛覀円庾R到殘疾人所面臨的問題，故選B。

10.（2013全國新課標Ⅱ卷）On winter days， Mr. Greenberg

46 gloves. During the rest of the year， he buys gloves. People who have heard about him send him gloves， and he has many in his apartment.

46. A. searches for B. stores up C. gives away D. puts on

解析：search for“搜尋，尋找”，store up“儲存”，give away“分發，免費送出，贈送”，put on“穿上”。Mr. Greenberg是分發手套，而不是儲存手套，故選C。

11.（2014全國新課標Ⅱ卷）As they went down， the weather got worse. Then another trouble occurred. They couldnt see or hear each other and， 48 ， Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）.

48. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by choice D. by luck

解析：by mistake“錯誤地”，by chance“偶然地；意外地”，by choice“出于自愿的”，by luck“幸運地”。因為天氣惡劣，他們看不清楚也聽不清楚，因此Simon錯誤地把他的朋友Joe用繩子放到了懸崖邊上，故選A。

12.（2015全國新課標Ⅰ卷）This has been a wonderful experience for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can 56 ！

56. A. rely on B. respect C. learn from D. help

解析：rely on“依賴，依靠”，respect“尊敬，尊重”，learn from“向……學習”，help“幫助”。幾天來孩子們一直在尋找他們可以給予幫助的人，故選D。

13.（2015全國新課標Ⅱ卷）The lessons they learned may not be 60 what they would have gotten in school， but are certainly more personal and meaningful， because they had to work them out on their own.

60. A. harmful to B. mixed with

C. different from D. applied to

解析：harmful to“對……有害”，mixed with“與……混合”， different from“與……不同”，applied to“應用”。親身實踐學到的知識可能和在學校學到的不同，故選C。

14.（2016全國新課標I卷）Larry pulled over， set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher（滅火器）. Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

47. A. got hold of B. prepared

C. took charge of D. controlled

解析：get hold of “抓住”，prepare“準備”， take charge of“負責，掌管”，control“控制”。Larry一把抓起滅火器來開始滅火，故選A。

15.（2016全國新課標I卷）The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had made an emergency call.

48. A. came down B. came through

C. came in D. came over

解析：come down“下來”，come through“安然度過”，come in“進來”，come over“過來，順便來訪”。那個男人走過來，故選D。

16.（2016全國新課標I卷）They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived， but she thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck.

54. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash

55. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after

解析：54題，explode“爆炸”，slip away“溜走”， fall apart“崩潰；破裂”，crash“撞毀”。Larry以為這輛車即將要爆炸，故選A。55題，as if“好像”，unless“除非”，in case“以免，以防”，after“……后”，根據句意，C是最佳選項。

17.（2016全國新課標I卷）Once fire and emergency people arrived， Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work .

56. A. stepped forward B. backed off

C. moved on D. set out

解析：step forward“向前邁進”，back off“后退”，move on“向前邁步”，set out“出發，著手”。Larry和其他人往后退一點讓其他人工作，故選B。

由此可見，全國卷高考英語完形填空不局限于對動詞短語的考查，也包括對介詞短語和形容詞詞組等的考查。

二、復習方法

中學階段英語詞組種類繁多，同一詞組可能有多個意思，不同的詞組之間在意義或用法上又相互有交集。那么，如何才能更高效地記憶和積累高考的高頻詞組呢？筆者結合個人多年任教高三畢業班的經歷和經驗，談談自己的粗淺看法。

1. 學會聯想，舉一反三

筆者建議學生根據同一動詞進行聯想。如一看到動詞take，腦海里浮現出哪些詞組呢？

take up占據；占用 take down取下；記下

take away拿走 take off脫下；起飛

take on呈現；承擔；招聘 take back拿回；收回

take over接管；接替；繼承 take in吸收；接納；欺騙

take out拿出 take apart拆開

take...to... 把……帶到…… take notes做筆記

take pictures/photos照相 take care of照顧

take ones time慢慢來 take it easy不要緊；放松點

也可以根據同一個介詞或副詞，聯想到不同的動詞搭配。如由副詞或介詞up，就可以想到以下短語動詞：

look up仰望；查閱 give up放棄

put up貼起；舉起 stand up站起

stay up熬夜 take up占用；占據

pick up撿起；搭載 keep up保持

turn up調高；出現 bring up撫養大

break up分裂；瓦解 call up打電話

come up出現；發生 cut up切碎

get up起床 hold up舉起；妨礙

set up建立 grow up成長；長大

shut up閉口；住嘴 build up樹立；建立

send up發送；發射 end up以……告終

pile up堆積 hang up掛斷電話

dry up干涸 blow up充氣；炸毀

sum up總結 use up用完

eat up吃光 warm up熱身

make up編造；構成 cheer up（使）振作

show up出現 go up上升；上漲

draw up 起草……

2. 同義近義，歸納記憶

總共 in all / in total

打開 turn on / switch on

敲門 knock at / know on

聽說 hear of / hear about

展覽 on show / on display

拆毀 tear down / pull down

處于危險 in danger / at risk

取笑 laugh at / make fun of

呼吁/號召 call on / appeal to

夢想 dream of / dream about

意外地 by accident / by chance

到達 get to / arrive in / arrive at

害怕 be afraid of / be scared of

賺錢 make money / earn money

參觀/訪問 call on / pay a visit to

在現場 on the spot / on the scene

謀生 make a living / earn a living

解決/計算出 work out / figure out

亂七八糟的 in a mess / out of order

替代；代替 instead of / in place of

充滿/裝滿 be filled with / be full of

過時的 out of date / out of fashion

集中精神 focus on / concentrate on

指控 accuse...of... / charge...with...

處理 deal with / do with / cope with

尋找 look for / hunt for / search for

充當/擔任 serve as / act as / work as

匱缺/短缺 be short of / be lacking in

單獨；獨自 by oneself / on ones own

區分 tell...from... / distinguish...from...

動身去 head for / leave for / set off for

利用 make use of / take advantage of

存錢 / 放在一邊set aside / put away

過著……生活 live a ... life / lead a... life

用這種方法 in this way / by this means

位于 lie in / be located in / be situated in

與……合作 team up with / cooperate with

小心/提防 look out（for）/ watch out（for）

依賴/指望 depend on / rely on / count on

以……為代價 at the cost of / at the price of

成功做到 succeed in doing / manage to do

馬上/立即 at once / right away / in no time

高度評價think highly of / speak highly of

勝任 be equal to / be qualified for / be up to

對……表示尊重 show respect for / look up to

向……道歉 apologize to / make an apology to

反對 disagree with / object to / disapprove of

著手（做） set about（doing）/ get down to（doing）

留意到/注意到 pay attention to / take notice of

求助于 turn to sb.（for help）/ seek help from sb.

對……有信心 be confident of / have confidence in

嚇死某人 scare sb. to death / frighten sb. to death

遇到麻煩/陷入困境 be in trouble / get into trouble

有時候 at times / from time to time / once in a while

關系密切 have much to do with / be closely related to

去……旅游 have a trip to / make a trip to / take a trip to

導致/帶來 lead to / result in / bring about / contribute to

各種各樣的 all kinds of / a variety of / a wide range of

對……厭倦be tired of / be bored with / be fed up with

忙于某事 be busy with / be occupied with / be engaged in

熱衷于 be crazy about / be keen on / be enthusiastic about

偶遇/邂逅 run into / knock into / come across

對……有益/有利 be good for / be beneficial to / do good to

在一定的程度上 in a way / in some way / to some degree

對……負責 be responsible / be in charge of / take charge of

給……留下印象 make an impression on / leave an impression on

對……有害 be harmful to / be bad for / do harm to / do damage to

對……感興趣 be interested in / take an interest in / show an interest in

對……有影響 have an effect on / have an impact on / have an influence on

總之 in brief / in short / in conclusion / in a word / all in all / on the whole

實際上/事實上 in fact / in truth / in practice / in reality / as a matter of fact

擅長/精通 be good at / be skilled in / do well in / have a good command of

習慣/適應 get used to / get accustomed to / adapt （oneself） to / adjust（oneself）to

3. 一詞多義，多加留神

turn down 調?。痪芙^ look up 向上看；查閱

refer to提及；參考；查閱 pick up 撿起；順便學會

stand by 支持；袖手旁觀 take off 脫衣服；起飛

call on 號召；拜訪 turn up 調高；出現

put on穿衣；上演；增重 go through 瀏覽；經歷

lie in位于；在于 call for 要求；號召；需要

put away 拿好；存錢 give away 分發；泄漏；贈送

lead to 通向；導致 get through 完成；通過

out of order出了故障 set out 著手；出發

take in 吸收；招納；招聘 turn over翻轉；顛覆

let out發出；泄漏 take care 小心；保重

look into 往……里面看；調查 pay off 還清；有回報

work out 計算出；解決 break down 出故障；分解

break in插嘴；闖入 get away 走開；逃脫

get over 克服；恢復 hold back 阻擋；控制

hold up 舉起；阻擋 keep an eye on 留意

pick out 挑選；認出 set off 出發；引爆

look through瀏覽；仔細檢查 take down 取下；記下……

appeal to 呼吁；對……有吸引力

4. 貌合神離，切勿混淆

in a word總之 / in words口頭上

a most一個非常的 / the most 最……的

in class 在課堂上 / in the class 在班上

by sea 通過海道 / by the sea 在大海邊

in office任職 / in the office 在辦公室里

make sense 有道理 / make sense of 理解

hear from 收到……來信 / hear about 聽說

charge ... with 指控 / charge...for... 要價/收費

before long不久之后 / long before 很久之前

a second 再一次；又一次 / the second 第二次

by bus 乘坐公共汽車/ on the bus 在公共汽車上

be tired of對……厭倦 be tired from 因……疲憊

think about思考；考慮 think of思考；想起；認為

in charge of 負責；主管 / in charge of 由……負責/掌管

in front of 范圍外的前面 / in the front of范圍內的前部

take advantage of利用 / take advantage over 比……有優勢

for a moment片刻；一會兒 / for the moment目前；暫時

be concerned about擔心；關心

be concerned with 與……有關

be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴格

be strict in sth. 對某事嚴格

out of question 毫無疑問；沒問題

out of the question 不可能

have a word with sb. 與某人談話

have words with sb. 與某人吵架

hand in 上交 / hand...to... 把……交給

call on拜訪（某人） / call at參觀（某地）

三、實戰演練

1. 單句填空 根據以下的語境填上合適的介詞或副詞。

（1）She is a fashionable girl who is particular_______ clothes.

（2）I was rather angry ___________ him because he didnt keep his word and let out my secret ___________ public.

（3）Im not familiar ____________ your hometown. Can you introduce it ___________ me ___________ detail？

（4）He is not capable ___________ doing the job well. In other words， he is not equal ___________ the job.

（5）Everyone speaks highly ___________ him because he is always so devoted ____________ whatever he does.

（6）Mary is short ________ money. In other words， she is lacking _________ money.

（7）All the students in our school have access __________

the books in the library.

（8）Your viewpoint is similar _________ mine， but totally different _________ theirs.

（9）Yesterday he was present ____________ the opening ceremony， but now he is absent ___________ the lecture.

（10）Its rude manners to be curious ____________ others private business.

（11）The survey was carried out ____________ the form of small group.

（12）The books are not placed ___________ good order. They are __________ a mess.

（13）After the destructive earthquake， the citizens found the whole city ___________ ruins and everything ____________ bad condition.

（14）I have tried repeatedly to persuade him to quit smoking， but ____________ vain.

（15）Vegetables and fruits are rich ___________ vitamins， which is beneficial ____________ our health.

2. 單句改錯 找出以下每句話的錯誤并在它們下面改正過來。

（1）We are thankful for him for helping us out of trouble.

（2）My brother is fond of painting while Im keen about writing.

（3）The traffic accident resulted in the carelessness of the driver.

（4）Poor as he is， the little boy has a strong desire about knowledge.

（5）Whats your reaction of the matter？ Are you for it or against it？

（6）My father is in the charge of the project and he is doing a good job.

（7）You should change your attitude to your work and be more serious to it.

（8）He was infected with viruses and died of a disease known for cholera.

（9）With the entrance exam to college drawing near， we are in great pressure.

（10）We all speak highly of the nurse who is always patient to all the patients.

（11）Do you have any difficulty for your new job？ If so， please turn me for help.

（12）Never shall we be ignorant of the traffic rules， or we may get in trouble and our lives may be in risk.

（13）Standing in the stage for the first time， I was unconfident to myself， but soon I calmed myself down.

（14）Although the old man is on poor health and lives a poor life， he always stays optimistic about life.

（15）Mr. Wang， our physics teacher， is always enthusiastic for teaching and is responsible at what he does.

3. 同義轉換 選出與以下每句話中畫線部分意義最接近的選項。

（1）The government appeals to all the citizens to take immediate action to protect the environment.

A. keeps back B. puts forward C. takes in D. calls on

（2）So tough is the problem that I dont know how to cope with it on my own.

A. give up B. deal with C. make out D. look for

（3）In the distance I saw someone walking towards me， but I couldnt figure out who it was for the thick fog.

A. make out B. take out C. get out D. pick out

（4）Last week， Lucys mother fell ill， so she had to attend to her younger brother and sister at home in place of her mother.

A. take part in B. take care of C. get back D. tend to

（5）In case of a rainy day， she always sets aside some money in a bank each month.

A. puts away B. gives away C. gets away D. takes away

（6）We waited and waited. In the end， the last bus turned up.

A. brought up B. held up C. showed up D. got up

（7）I live in harmony with the people around and we never quarrel with each other.

A. stay far away from B. share a lot with

C. get along well with D. live up to

（8）Your books are in a mess. Please sort them out on the bookshelf.

A. out of work B. out of order

C. out of date D. out of balance

（9）My parents have an impact on my growth and development greatly.

A. have an effect on B. have an operation on

C. have pity on D. have mercy on

（10）Dont count on her so heavily. She seems not so reliable.

A. put on B. look on

C. keep on D. depend on

（11）As a matter of fact， I disapprove of what he said at the meeting this afternoon.

A. go against B. agree with

C. object to D. look into

（12）The hope to do away with the unfair and unreasonable system immediately.

A. put an end to B. get ready for

C. make sense of D. stay away from

（13）Without doubt， most of us subscribe to the view that all men are born equal and that everyone should be treated with equality.

A. stick to B. agree with

C. turn out D. pick up

（14）They headed for the town early in the morning hoping to get there on time.

A. looked forward to B. set off for

C. made preparations for D. got down to

（15）Having been out of work for a week， he is hunting for a new job here and there.

A. breaking down B. ending up

C. taking on D. looking for

4. 完成句子 根據括號中的中文意思寫出相應的詞組（答案不限一個）。

（1）___________（小心）when you cross the street， or you might be hit by a coming car.

（2）Some students seem to be ___________（厭倦）wearing the same school uniform every day.

（3）In fact， she didnt ignore you on purpose just now. She just didnt ___________ （留意/注意）you.

（4）Lets stop chatting. Its high time that we ___________ （著手）doing our homework now.

（5）I find it almost impossible for me to complete such a challenging task ___________ （獨立/獨自）.

（6）If possible， please ___________（探望/拜訪）me at any time when youre available.

（7）There are a wide range of goods ___________（展示） on the counters in this supermarket.

（8）Have you ___________（聽說）such a scary story like this before？

（9）Its foolish to develop economy ___________（以……為代價）destroying the environment.

（10）The traffic police were questioning the eyewitness ______

（在現場）who knew the whole story .

（11）Dont forget to ___________（關上）the gas after taking a bath.

（12）___________（實際上），not everyone is fond of learning English， as you have just pointed out.

（13）In the very beginning， he didnt ___________（習慣/適應）the life here， but as time went by， he enjoyed the local lifestyle step by step.

（14）I ___________（邂逅）one of my former classmates when taking a trip to Macao.

（15）___________（總之），Im not in favor of his view that men are superior to women.

答案與解析

1. 單句填空

（1）about“對……挑剔/講究”用be particular about。

（2）with； in 表示“生某人的氣”用be angry with sb.，“在公共場合；公開地”用in public。

（3）with； to； in“對……熟悉”用be familiar with，“把……介紹給……”用introduce...to...，“詳細地；具體地”用in detail。

（4）of； to“能夠做某事”用be capable of doing = be able to do sth.，“勝任……”用be equal to sth。

（5）of； to“對……評價高”用think / speak highly of，“致力于”用be devoted to / devote oneself to。

（6）of； in“……短缺”用be short of = be lacking in= lack。

（7）to 因have access to有“可利用；可得到；可接觸；可達到”之意。

（8）to； from“和……類似”用be similar to，“與……不同”用be different from。

（9）at； from“出席；在場”用be present at，“缺席”用be absent from。

（10）about“對……好奇”用be curious about。

（11）in“以……形式”用in the form of。

（12）in； in“井井有條；有條不紊”用in order，反義詞out of order或 in a mess“亂七八糟的”。

（13）in； in“處于廢墟”用lie in ruins，“狀況好/差”用in good / bad condition。

（14）in“徒勞；白費勁”用in vain。

（15）in； to“在……豐富/富含”be rich in，反義詞是 be low in，“對……有益”用be beneficial to=be good for=do good to。

2. 單句改錯

（1）把第一個for改為to 因為“感激某人”用 be thankful / grateful to sb。

（2）把about改為on 因為be keen on是固定搭配，表示“熱衷于……”。

（3）把in改為from 因為result in是“導致”，而result from才是“由……引起”。

（4）把about改為for 因為have a strong desire for是固定搭配，表示“渴望得到……”。

（5）把of改為to 因為reaction或react后接介詞to，表示“對……的反應”。

（6）把第一個the去掉 因為人負責某事用in charge of，而in the charge of往往是事物充當主語。

（7）把第二個to改為about 因為be serious about是“對……認真嚴肅”。

（8）把for改為as 因為（be） known as是“被認為是/被稱為”的意思。

（9）把in改為under 因為表示“壓力很大”用be under great pressure表示。

（10）把to改為with 因為“對……有耐心”用be patient with。

（11）把第一個for改為with，在turn后加to 因為表示“在……遇到困難”用have difficulty / trouble with表示；因為turn to表示“向某人求助”。

（12）把in改為into或把get改為be，把第二個in改為at 因為“遇到困難/陷入困境”可用 get into trouble或be in trouble來表示；因為at risk表示“處于危險中”。

（13）把in改為on，把to改為of 因為on the stage“在舞臺上”；因為be confident/ unconfident of表示“對……有/沒有信心”。

（14）把on改為in 因為in good / poor health表示“身體健康/欠佳”。

（15）把for改為about；at改為for 因為be enthusiastic about“對……有激情”；因為be responsible for“對/為……負責”。

3. 同義轉換

（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）B（5）A（6）C（7）C（8）B（9）A（10）D（11）C（12）A（13）B（14）B（15）D

4. 完成句子

（1）Watch out / Look out / Take care

（2）tired of / fed up with / bored with

（3）pay attention to / take notice of

（4）set about / got down to

（5）by myself / on my own

（6）call on / pay a visit to

（7）on show / on display

（8）heard of / heard about

（9）at the cost of / at the of

（10）on the scene / on the spot

（11）turn off / switch off / shut off

（12）In fact / In reality / In practice / In truth / As a matter of fact

（13）get used to / get accustomed to / adapt （himself） to / adjust （himself）to

（14）came across / ran into / knocked into / met with / encountered with

（15）In short / In brief / In a word / In conclusion / In summary / On the whole / All in all

責任編輯 蔣小青