廖俊杰
寫作是一種語言輸出形式,是學生綜合能力的體現(xiàn),它既涉及遣詞造句,又涉及對語篇結(jié)合的分析;既有語言訓練,又有思維訓練。它們是相互影響、相互作用的有機統(tǒng)一體。而一篇完美的文章包括三個要點:信息完整(充足的詞匯量);漂亮的書寫;無語言錯誤,有亮點句子。目前,學生英文寫作往往出現(xiàn)句型缺少變化、文章干澀的問題,由此擴句應運而生。通過這樣的訓練,可以激活學生所學詞匯,增加語言表達的豐富性和多樣性。
1.教材分析:
本課取材于瀘州市中考2015年的中考作文,從Reading 這一話題出發(fā),將作文要點分解為各個句子,作為擴句練習的模板。
2.教學過程:
Step1 搶答
a.開拓眼界 b.好習慣
c.使某人… d.獲取知識
……
設計說明:此環(huán)節(jié)是在課前讓學生完成,課堂上以搶答的形式展開,意在調(diào)動學生的情緒,所涉及到的短語及連詞,為后面的擴句做好了鋪墊。
Step2 Guessing
由簡筆畫帶出“書”的圖案,扣緊本課的主題并拋出問題:Who likes reading books?/ When do I read books?/Where do I read books?/ Why do I read books?
設計說明:讓學生能通過“書”的圖案,聯(lián)想出“read books”這個短語,從而引導學生從“who, when, where, why”這四方面復習第一個搶答環(huán)節(jié)中出現(xiàn)的相應短語,提出寫作可從四個“W”入手,讓學生心中有個導向性。
Step3 擴句——找名詞
首先向?qū)W生展示以下4個例句:
I like reading books.
I like reading interesting books.
I like reading interesting books about history.
I like reading interesting books that are about history .
Exercise :①Lu Han is a singer. (lovely/ dance well)
Lu Han is a___singer____________________
設計說明:名詞是我們中學寫作中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞。為了讓作文更加豐滿,我們應該首先讓名詞豐滿起來。此環(huán)節(jié)是讓學生直觀感受名詞,并可以從以下三方面對名詞進行擴展:1.用形容詞等修飾,置于所修飾名詞前面。 2.用短語修飾名詞,置于所修飾名詞的后面。3.用定語從句修飾名詞。在平時的訓練中,我們可以指導學生,讓他們歸納對物的修飾時可以從顏色、形狀、位置、作用、所屬關(guān)系等方面發(fā)散思維。對人的修飾時可以從職業(yè)、年齡、高矮胖瘦、性格等著手。
Step 4擴句——添加時間、地點、原因等狀語
I like reading interesting books that are about history in the morning.
I like reading interesting books that are about history in the morning at school.
I like reading interesting books that are about history in the morning at school, because reading can make us grow up and make me clever.
Exercise:②I play sports.(because/be good for/with)
設計說明:對于時間、地點、原因狀語的添加,學生操作起來比較得心應手,也給予了學生擴展的興趣。
Step5 擴句——找動詞,添加副詞/運用句型
I like reading interesting books that are about history in the morning at school, because reading can make us grow up more and more happily and make me clever.
設計說明:如果出現(xiàn)了形容詞或副詞,我們的腦子就要浮現(xiàn)出比較級或最高級的使用。
Step6 擴句——運用句型
I like reading interesting books that are about history in the morning at school, because reading can not only make us grow up more and more happily but also make me clever.
Exercise:I walk to school .( in order to/ it is adj.for sb. to do sth.)
設計說明:句型的運用,對于學生的綜合能力提出了更高的要求。我們背誦了很多諸如 so that, not only ,but also ,it is+adj+to do 等的句型,但是很少有學生可以在作文中運用自如。所以在這個練習中,我們進行的大量的訓練,以求突破句型瓶頸。
Step7 擴句——linking words連接詞
1)表示并列關(guān)系的:and, also, as well as, or…
2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的:but, yet, however…
3)表示時間關(guān)系的:when, while, after, before, then,
after that…
4)表示因果關(guān)系的:so, therefore, as a result…
5)表示目的的: in order to, in order that, so that…
6)表示列舉的:for example, such as…
7)表示總結(jié)性的:in general, in all, in a word
Exercise:請用 not only…but also…, because, and填空
(2015,瀘州)Reading is very important in our life. We can get knowledge through reading. It can _______ open our minds _______ make us more intelligent. Besides, it is also one of the most important ways to improve our reading ability.
Books, newspapers, webs ______ other kinds of reading materials can help us know more about the outside world and help us grow into intelligent person. At the same time, it is necessary for us to have a plan and make notes. Ill spend more time reading every day in class or after class, and even on holiday. _________I think reading can make us grow up happily and have a bright future.
設計說明:本環(huán)節(jié)一開始將初中階段所學的常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞作為了語言輸入的載體,并將2015年瀘州市的中考英語作文范文設置為關(guān)聯(lián)詞的練習,學生在閱讀的過程中,自然形成了語言的輸出,同時也非常順利地完成了練習。
Step8:課堂反饋
請對下面的文章選擇兩三個要點進行擴句。
Now let me tell you something about my everyday school life. ① I get up at 6:00, then I do exercise. ②At 7:00 , I have breakfast. ③I go to school at 7:30. ④I have four classes in the morning, I eat lunch at school. ⑤From 2:30 to 5:40 I have four classes in the afternoon. ⑥After school, I play sports with my friends. ⑦After that, I go home and do my homework. ⑧I go to bed at 9:30.
設計說明:本文為2014年瀘州市英語中考作文學生所寫的一篇原文,全文共8個要點。我只要求學生對其中的兩三個要點進行擴句練習,這既避免了面面俱到,也讓學生能真正地將本課中所學的擴句方法運用到實踐操作中。
(作者單位:四川省納溪中學校)