





摘要:以江漢油田石油污染土壤為對象,篩選出一株產表面活性物質的菌株,其代謝產物排油活性好、降低水體表面張力效果明顯,但乳化性能不明顯。經過5次傳代培養,結果表明其具有較好的遺傳穩定性,經鑒定為熒光假單胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)。菌株最佳生長溫度為30 ℃,降解試驗表明該細菌對柴油具有良好的降解作用,且細菌生長與柴油的降解過程具有一定的對應關系。
關鍵詞:生物表面活性劑;菌株篩選;柴油污染;降解
中圖分類號:X172 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2016)17-4520-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.17.041
Abstract: An optimum strain was chosen from the petroleum contaminated soil in Jianghan oilfield, and its metabolites showed good oil discharge activity and obvious reducing effect of the water surface tension, but the emulsifying properties was not obvious. Five times of subculture showed that the strain has good genetic stability, which was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens by identification system. Further study showed that the optimum growth temperature of the strain was 30 ℃. By diesel degradation experiments, this study confirmed that the strain has good ability of diesel degradation and furthermore the degradation process and the strain growth has a certain relationship.
Key words: biosurfactant;strain screening;diesel contamination; degradation
目前石油烴及重金屬已經成為土壤及其含水層最主要的污染物[1-4],而有機污染物往往是疏水性物質,如三氯乙烯、多環芳烴和多氯聯苯等都難溶于水,生物利用性低,難溶性已成為制約土壤及水體有機污染物降解的瓶頸問題[5,6]。已有的研究表明,表面活性劑的加入可增加有機污染物在水相中的傳遞速率,是一種行之有效的生物降解強化手段,具有極大的利用潛力。在有機污染物的生物降解中,表面活性劑主要通過以下3個方面的作用提高有機污染物的生物可利用性:乳化作用、提高假相溶解度、增強降解微生物膜的通透性[7,8]。與化學合成的表面活性劑相比,生物表面活性劑具有3個明顯的優勢:更強的生物降解性能、更低的生物毒性以及更好的環境兼容性。
生物表面活性劑作為表面活性劑的一種特殊類型,是由微生物(主要是細菌和酵母)對糖類、油類以及烷烴等有機物分解代謝的生化產物[9],按成分可分為糖脂、脂肽、磷脂、脂肪酸、中性脂肪等幾類[10-12]。……