何以文

摘 要:隧道巖溶問(wèn)題是當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外隧道施工中的重大難題,巖溶工程地質(zhì)問(wèn)題對(duì)地下工程建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理造成很大的影響。洞灣隧道施工過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)隧道底板以下發(fā)育大型溶洞,通過(guò)配合測(cè)量斷面同時(shí)進(jìn)行地質(zhì)水文地質(zhì)調(diào)繪、物探結(jié)合鉆孔詳細(xì)查明溶洞規(guī)模、形態(tài)、大小、埋深及與線路的關(guān)系,查明隧道底板以下巖溶發(fā)育情況以及與隧道頂板的距離,評(píng)價(jià)隧道圍巖的穩(wěn)定性,并提出巖溶施工處理措施建議,為隧道施工及巖溶整治設(shè)計(jì)提供地質(zhì)依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:洞灣隧道; 巖溶工程地質(zhì)問(wèn)題; 圍巖穩(wěn)定性; 處理措施
Abstract: Karst problem is a major problem in the current domestic and international tunnel construction, a lot of impact on karst engineering geological problems of underground construction and operations management. Tunnel construction process, the following development of a large cave in the tunnel backplane holes Bay geological hydrogeological tone painted simultaneously with the measurement section, borehole geophysical combination of detail to identify the scale of the cave, the shape, size, depth, and the relationship with the line, to identify the distance of the metro plate karst tunnel roof, the evaluation of tunnel surrounding rock stability, and put forward the proposal of the karst construction measures, to provide the geological basis for the tunnel construction and karst remediation design.
Key words: hole Bay Crossing; karst engineering geological problems; surrounding rock stability; treatment measures
1.引言
在建洞灣隧道屬貴州省赤水至望謨高速公路重難點(diǎn)和控制性工程,隧道采用分離式,其中:左洞起訖樁號(hào)ZK66+164~ZK68+290,總長(zhǎng)2126m;右洞起訖樁號(hào)YK66+205~YK68+290,總長(zhǎng)2085m。隧道凈空10.25×5.0m,隧道最大埋深約310m。當(dāng)隧道開(kāi)挖到右線右壁YK66+488里程處揭露出大型溶洞,根據(jù)施工情況和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)初步調(diào)查,從隧道底往上發(fā)育約13m,隧道頂板和右側(cè)壁坍塌;往下垂深發(fā)育30~40m,在隧道以下形成多個(gè)溶洞大空腔,相互連通。溶洞頂離設(shè)計(jì)隧道底最薄處約3~5m。導(dǎo)致中斷施工近五個(gè)月,直接影響隧道的施工和安全。但溶洞具體如何展布?發(fā)育特征如何?與隧道的關(guān)系不清。其危險(xiǎn)程度取決于溶洞的規(guī)模、溶洞周圍巖體的穩(wěn)定性和巖體的質(zhì)量及其與隧道的關(guān)系[1]。
2.隧道區(qū)地質(zhì)背景
隧道區(qū)屬構(gòu)造溶蝕侵蝕中低山地貌,處于川黔南北向構(gòu)造帶與北東向構(gòu)造帶交接的復(fù)合部位,北與新華夏系第三沉降帶的“四川盆地”相接,南與早古生帶“黔中隆起”相鄰,構(gòu)造形跡定形于印支~燕山期,多呈北東向展布?!?br>