中國薹草屬(莎草科)植物資料增補III

趙曉超，魯益飛，岑佳夢，楊東旭，金孝鋒*

(1. 杭州師范大學 生命與環境科學學院，浙江 杭州 310036； 2. 浙江旅游職業學院，浙江 杭州 310013)

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中國薹草屬(莎草科)植物資料增補III

趙曉超1，魯益飛1，岑佳夢1，楊東旭2，金孝鋒1*

(1. 杭州師范大學 生命與環境科學學院，浙江 杭州 310036； 2. 浙江旅游職業學院，浙江 杭州 310013)

在采集、整理和鑒定我國7個植物標本館中收藏的中國莎草科Cyperaceae薹草屬Carex標本的過程中，發現了1個中國新記錄種和15個省級分布新記錄種.玄界萌黃薹草Carexgenkaiensis為在浙江省發現的中國分布新記錄；陜西新記錄種有腫喙薹草C.oedorrhampha，甘肅新記錄種有華山薹草C.huashanica和澤庫薹草C.zekogensis，河南新記錄種有華山薹草，安徽新記錄種有眉縣薹草C.meihsienica，浙江新記錄種有等高薹草C.aequialta和褐穗薹草C.sabynensis，江西新記錄種有硬果薹草C.sclerocarpa和橫紋薹草C.rugata，廣西新記錄種有茶色薹草C.fulvorubescens，湖北新記錄種有反折果薹草C.retrofracta，湖南新記錄種有擬穿孔薹草C.foraminatiformis、腫喙薹草、反折果薹草和近蕨薹草C.subfilicinoides，四川新記錄種有華山薹草和毛囊薹草C.inanis，重慶新記錄種有擬穿孔薹草，貴州新記錄種有擬柔果薹草C.submollicula，云南新記錄種有硬果薹草，西藏新記錄種有密花薹草C.confertiflora.

薹草屬；莎草科；新記錄；中國

莎草科Cyperaceae薹草屬CarexL.約有2 000種，是單子葉植物最大的屬，也是被子植物的大屬之一，世界廣布[1-3].由于薹草屬種類多，分布廣，加之標本和文獻分散，其分類問題十分突出[4].在對中國薹草屬植物分類研究時，地理分布新記錄也多有報道[5-9].

近年來基于對中國科學院植物研究所標本館(PE)、中國科學院昆明植物研究所標本館(KUN)、江蘇省中國科學院植物研究所標本館(NAS)、中國科學院西北高原生物研究所標本館(HNWP)、西北農林科技大學植物標本館(WUK)、西北師范大學植物標本館(NWTC)等館藏薹草屬標本的查閱、整理和鑒定，筆者在采集薹草屬標本的過程中，發現了中國薹草屬分布新記錄1種，省級分布新記錄15種.作為對中國薹草屬分類研究資料的補充，特予以報道.

1 中國分布新記錄

1.1 玄界萌黃薹草(新擬)

Carex genkaiensis Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 34. 1938.

多年生草本.根狀莖短，木質.稈叢生，三棱形，高25～35 cm，平滑，基部具灰褐色，分裂成纖維狀的老葉鞘.葉短于稈，寬2～3 mm，平張，上部邊緣粗糙.苞片下部葉狀，上部者短葉狀或剛毛狀，具鞘；苞鞘長5～25 mm，最下部者最長，向上漸短.小穗4或5；頂生者雄性，線狀圓柱形，長5～15 mm，直徑1～2 mm，具極短的柄，與其下的雌小穗接近；側生小穗雌性，圓柱形，長1～2 cm，直徑2～3.5 mm，具稍密的花，小穗柄保藏于苞鞘中.雄花鱗片淡褐色，倒狹卵狀橢圓形，長約5 mm，先端圓鈍，背面具褐色1脈.雌花鱗片淡黃褐色，卵形或寬卵形，長2～2.5 mm，先端急尖或具短芒，背面具綠色3脈.果囊長于雌花鱗片，卵球形，鈍三棱形，長3～3.5 mm，具多條細脈，疏被短毛，基部漸狹，頂端收縮成短喙，喙口微凹.瘦果緊包于果囊中，菱卵球形，三棱狀，成熟時栗色，長約2 mm，基部具柄，頂端具長約0.2 mm的短圓柱狀喙，3棱中部縊縮， 3個棱面上下凹陷；花柱基部稍增粗；柱頭3.相應細節如圖1所示.

China. Zhejiang (浙江), Zhenhai (鎮海), Chengwan (城灣), under forests, 9 Apr. 1932, X. Y. He (賀賢育) 964 (PE).

本種與宜昌薹草CarexascotretaC. B. Clarke接近，主要區別在瘦果先端具長僅0.2 mm的短圓柱狀喙，雌花鱗片先端圓鈍或具短芒[10-12].

本種日語名為“genkai-moegi-suge”，“genkai”為日本地名“玄界”，“moegi”意為“在春天顏色”，“suge”意為“薹草”，故中文名擬為“玄界萌黃薹草”.

2 中國省級分布新記錄

2.1 等高薹草(中國植物志)

Carex aequialta Kük. in H. G. A. Engler, Pflanzenr., IV, 20(38): 354, fig. 57. 1909. S. Y. Liang in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 424, pl. 87: 9-11. 2000. S. Y. Liang, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23:429.2010.

China. Zhejiang (浙江), Lin’an (臨安), Changhua (昌化), Mount. Qianqingtang (千頃塘), on slopes under forests, 23 May 2015, X. F. Jin (金孝鋒) 3530 (HTC).

分布于我國安徽、江蘇，日本也有分布[1-2].浙江分布新記錄.

2.2 密花薹草(中國植物志)

Carex confertiflora Boott in Mem. Acad. Arts, n.s., 6: 418. 1858. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 293. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 377. 2010.

China. Tibet (西藏), Motuo (墨脫), under forests, 21 May 1983, B. S. Li et al (李渤生等) 3715 (PE).

分布于我國湖北、貴州、云南，日本也有分布[1-2].西藏分布新記錄.

圖1 玄界萌黃薹草Fig.1 Carex genkaiensis Ohwi

2.3 擬穿孔薹草(中國植物志)

Carex foraminatiformis Y. C. Tang & S. Yun Liang in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 152 et 521, pl. 31: 1-4. 2000. Y. C. Tang & al. in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 322. 2010.

China. Chongqing (重慶), Nanchuan (南川), Daheba (大河壩), 13 Apr. 1938, G. L. Qu (曲桂齡) 6045 (NAS, PE); Beibei (北碚), 10 Mar. 1932, T. H. Tü 2781A (PE).

分布于貴州、四川[1-2].重慶分布新記錄.

2.4 茶色薹草(中國植物志)

Carex fulvorubescens Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: 283. 1911. S. Y. Liang in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 247. 2000. S. Y. Liang & T. Koyama in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 360. 2010.

China. Guangxi (廣西), Xing’an (興安), Mount. Maoer (貓兒山), roadside, 27 Apr. 2004, X. F. Jin (金孝鋒) 1068 (HTC).

分布于臺灣[1-2].廣西分布新記錄.

2.5 華山薹草(植物分類學報)

Carex huashanica Tang & F. T. Wang ex L. K. Dai in Acta Phytotax. Sin 32: 186, fig. 6: 1-4. 1994. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 300, pl. 62: 7-9. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 380. 2010.

China. Gansu (甘肅), Tianshui (天水), Dangchuan (黨川), Mount. Huoyan (火焰山), under forests, 22 Jun. 1964, K. J. Fu (傅坤俊) 15408 (KUN). Henan (河南), Songxian (嵩縣), Longwangwan (龍王灣), 24 Aug. 1960, Henan Exped. (河南隊) 2374 (KUN, PE); Yichuan (奕川), 1959, Bot. Exped. (普查隊) 20654 (KUN). Sichuan (四川), Dajin (大金), 15 May 1958, X. Li (李馨) 77413 (PE).

分布于陜西(華山)、云南(屏邊)[1-2,13].甘肅、河南、四川分布新記錄.

2.6 毛囊薹草(中國高等植物圖鑒)

Carex inanis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 522. 1837. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 134, pl. 27: 1-4. 2000. L. K. Dai & T. Koyama in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 315. 2010.

China. Sichuan (四川), Luding (瀘定), Mount. Gongga (貢嘎山), 12 Jul. 1982, K. Y. Lang et al (郎楷永等) 592 (PE).

分布于我國云南、西藏，尼泊爾、印度、不丹等國也有分布[1-2].四川分布新記錄.

2.7 眉縣薹草(秦嶺植物志)

Carex meihsienica K. T. Fu in Fl. Tsinling. 1(1): 445 et 253, fig. 270. 1976. P. C. Li in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 197. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 339. 2010.

China. Anhui (安徽), Mount. Huang (黃山), roadsides under forests, 28 Apr. 2015, JIN X F (金孝鋒) 3438, 3439, 3440, 3441(HTC).

分布于陜西[1-2].安徽分布新記錄.

2.8 腫喙薹草(中國植物志)

Carex oedorrhampha Nelmes in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 659. 1939. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 290, pl. 59: 4-6. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 376. 2010.

China. Hunan (湖南), Longshan (龍山), Wuya (烏牙), by stream, 11 May 1958, L. H. Liu (劉林翰) 1635 (KUN, PE); Yongshun (永順), Xiaoxi Natural Reserve (小溪自然保護區), under forests, 26 May 1988, Beijing Exped. (北京隊) 78 (PE). Shaanxi (陜西), Ningshan (寧陜), Guankou (關口), 10 May 1959. J. Q. Xing (邢吉慶) 1718 (WUK).

分布于我國廣東、云南，越南、泰國、印度、不丹、印度尼西亞也有分布[1-2].湖南、陜西分布新記錄.

2.9 反折果薹草(中國植物志)

Carex retrofracta Kük. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 110. 1929. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 288, pl. 59: 1-3. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 375. 2010.

China. Hubei (湖北), Zhuxi (竹溪), in valleys, 27 Apr. 2008, Q. L. Gan (甘啟良) 2948 (PE). Hunan (湖南), Yongshun (永順), Xiaoxi Natural Reserve (小溪自然保護區), on slopes under forests, 5 Jun. 1988, Beijing Exped. (北京隊) 155, 101139 (PE); Yuanling (沅陵), in valleys, 8 Jun. 1988, Wuling Exped. (武陵隊) 64 (PE).

分布于浙江[1-2].湖南、湖北分布新記錄.

2.10 橫紋薹草(安徽植物志)

Carex rugata Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 76. 1932. Y. C. Tang in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 156. 2000. Y. C. Tang & al. in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 323. 2010.

China. Jiangxi (江西), Pingxiang (萍鄉), Mount Wugong (武功山), roadsides, 23 May 2014, W. J. Chen & W. W. Yang (陳偉杰, 楊王偉) 417 (HTC).

分布于我國安徽、浙江、福建，日本也有分布[1-2, 5].江西分布新記錄.

2.11 褐穗薹草(東北草本植物志)

Carex sabynensis Less. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 440. 1837. Anonymous in Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 11: 126. 1976.

China. Zhejiang(浙江), Lin’an (臨安), Changhua (昌化), Mount. Lontang (龍塘山), roadsides, 1 May 2007, X. F. Jin et al (金孝鋒等) 1764, 1765 (HTC); Lin’an (臨安), Changhua (昌化), Mount Qianqingtang (千頃塘), roadsides under forests, 19 May 2008, X. F. Jin (金孝鋒) 2118 (HTC).

分布于我國東北三省，日本、俄羅斯、蒙古等國也有分布[1-2,14].浙江分布新記錄.

2.12 硬果薹草(中國高等植物圖鑒)

Carex sclerocarpa Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 8, 7: 91. 1895. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 286, pl. 57: 10-12. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 374. 2010.

China. Jiangxi (江西), Nanfeng (南豐), Mount. Shenhui (神會山), 27 Apr. 1958, M. X. Nie & S. S. Lai (聶敏祥, 賴書坤) 2396 (KUN). Yunnan (云南), Xichou (西疇), Fadou (法斗), under ever-green forests, 3 May 1964, S. Z. Wang (王守正) 10 (KUN).

分布于安徽、湖南、四川、貴州[1-2,15].江西、云南分布新記錄.

2.13 近蕨薹草(中國高等植物圖鑒)

Carex subfilicinoides Kük. in Acta Horti Gothob. 5: 42. 1930. P. C. Li in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 78, pl. 15: 1-5. 2000. S. R. Zhang, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 292. 2010.

China. Hunan (湖南), Wugang (武崗), Yunshan (云山), in valleys, 3 Oct. 1963, L. H. Liu & G. Z. He (劉林翰, 何觀洲) 16112 (WUK).

分布于湖北、四川、云南[1-2].湖南分布新記錄.

2.14 似柔果薹草(植物分類學報)

Carex submollicula Tang & F. T. Wang ex L. K. Dai in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 32: 186, fig. 6: 5-8.1994. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 303, pl. 61: 5-8. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 381. 2010.

China. Guizhou (貴州), Leishan (雷山), Mount. Leigong (雷公山), on slopes, 29 Apr. 1959, S. Guizhou Exped. (黔南隊) 918 (KUN).

分布于浙江、福建、江西、廣東[1-2].貴州分布新記錄.

2.15 澤庫薹草(植物分類學報)

Carex zekogensis Y. C. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 362, fig. 1. 1980. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 272. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 369. 2010.

China. Gansu (甘肅), Maqu (瑪曲), 4 Oct. 2011, X. Yin et al (尹鑫等) LiuJQ-GN-2011-161 (HNWP); Sunan (肅南), 26 Aug. 1982, X. F. Tang (湯學峰) 905 (HTC, NWTC).

分布于青海[1-2].甘肅分布新記錄.

中國科學院植物研究所標本館(PE)、中國科學院昆明植物研究所標本館(KUN)、江蘇省中國科學院植物研究所標本館(NAS)、中國科學院西北高原生物研究所標本館(HNWP)、西北農林科技大學植物標本館(WUK)、西北師范大學植物標本館(NWTC)和杭州師范大學植物標本館(HTC)為查閱標本提供方便，日本岡山理科大學(Okayama University of Science)矢野興一(Yano Okihito)博士對中國新記錄種的中文名擬定提供了寶貴的建議，在此一并致謝！

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Noteworthy plants ofCarexL. (Cyperaceae) from China III.

ZHAO Xiaochao1, LU Yifei1, CEN Jiameng1, YANG Dongxu2, JIN Xiaofeng1

(1.CollegeofLifeandEnvironmentalSciences,HangzhouNormalUniversity,Hangzhou310036,China; 2.ZhejiangTourismCollege,Hangzhou310013,China)

As a supplement of the sedges (Carex-Cyperaceae) to China, the present paper has reportedCarexgenkaiensisnewly recorded in China, as well as other fifteen species as new distribution records for the provinces of China.Carexoedorrhamphais newly recorded for Shaanxi Province,C.huashanicaandC.zekogensisare newly recorded for Gansu Province.CarexhuashanicaandC.meihsienicaare newly recorded for Henan and Anhui Province, respectively.CarexaequialtaandC.sabynensisare two distribution records for Zhejiang Province, whileC.sclerocarpaandC.rugataare newly recorded for Jiangxi Province.Carexfulvorubescensis a new record for Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, andC.retrofractais a new record for Hubei Province.Carexforaminatiformis,C.oedorrhampha,C.retrofractaandC.subfilicinoidesare newly recorded for Hunan Province.Carex.HuashanicaandC.inanisare two new records for Sichuan Province, andC.foraminatiformisis newly recorded for Chongqing.CarexsubmolliculaandC.confertifloraare newly recorded for Guizhou Province and Tibet Autonomous Rigion, respectively, andC.sclerocarpafor Yunnan Province.

Carex; Cyperaceae; new record; China

2015-10-10.

國家自然科學基金資助項目(31170183, 31470304, 30870150).

趙曉超(1996-),ORCID:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-4130,女,本科,主要從事植物分類和系統進化方面的研究.

*通信作者，ORCID:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8195-6738,E-mail:docxfjin@163.com.

10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2016.04.017

Q 949.4

A

1008-9497(2016)04-492-05

Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition), 2016,43(4):492-496