水稻高產優質種質創新

任光俊 謝華安 游艾青 楊長凳 李曉方

摘 要：緊緊圍繞綠色超級稻的目標，創制了45份米質達部頒一級和二級米標準的新材料，其中30份材料的米質達部頒一級米標準；并培育出優質三系不育系川106A，其米質達部頒一級米標準。培育產量潛力有明顯提高的新種質32份，其中產量潛力顯著增加的新材料11份，為進一步的綠色超級稻育種打下了基礎。培育并通過國家或省級審定的新品種13個，其中通過國家審定的品種3個，另有10個組合正在參加國家和省級區試；川優6203的培育成功，其米質可與泰國香米媲美，填補了長江上游，尤其是四川無法自生產優質稻米的空白。該項目發掘與定位5個水稻產量、品質、抗性相關的優良復等位基因，開發與稻米粒型、堊白、高抗性淀粉、柱頭外露、葉片表面絨毛等性狀緊密連鎖的分子標記20個，為水稻優質高產綠色超級稻育種的培育提供了有用信息。選育綠色超級稻新品種的同時，通過新品種示范，積極地推廣新品種，新品種推廣面積為157萬畝。

關鍵詞：水稻 高產 優質 創制

Sciences； 4.China National Rice Research Institute； 5.Guangdong Provincal Academy of Agricultural Sciences）

Abstract：To target our goals on the Green Super Rice breeding project， 45 rice breeding materials had been innovated. And their grain quality reached the first or second level of the national rice quality grain standard. Among them， 30 reached the first level of the national rice quality grain standard. Moreover， And the “CMS” line Chuan 106A had been successfully developed. Its grain quality reached the first level of the national rice quality grain standard. Thirty-two rice new germplasms had been developed. These materials showed significant yield potential and 11 Of them showed remarkable yield potential. These materials have built up a good foundation for our future goals on the Green Super Rice breeding project. Thirteen new varieties had been released by the national or provincial Crops Variety Examination and Approval Committee. 3 Of them had been released by the National Crops Variety Examination and Approval Committee. And other ten combinations were tested in the national or provincial rice regional trials. Chuanyou 6203， which shows high grain quality coming closer to that of the Thai fragrant rice， had been successfully developed and released. Chuanyou6203 fill in the gap on producing good grain quality rice in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River， especially in the gap of Sichuan province where good grain quality rice is not usually produced. Besides of breeding varieties， five superior alleles related to the yield， grain quality and disease resistance were identified and mapped in this project. We had also developed 20 molecular markers closely linked to the phenotype of grain shape， chalkiness， resistant starch， high stigma exsertion and blade surface villi. Our work provides useful information for breeding the Green Super Rice with high-yield and good grain quality. At the same time， we had actively promoted the planting area for the new varieties through their demonstration. The planting area for the new varieties increased up to 10，467 ha.

Key Words：Rice；High-yield；Good quality；Innovation

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