李劍美 漆麗萍 尚宇南 單治國 羅雅婷 蘇成西 羅銀玲 蔣智林



摘 要 大田條件下播種的滇重樓種子出苗率低、出苗時間長和出苗不整齊,是滇重樓生產的瓶頸。本研究比較了直接播種、催芽播種、播種基質、播種深度、土壤水分等播種技術對滇重樓出苗率、出苗整齊度的影響。直接播種:以0.8 cm2≤S(種子投影面積)<1 cm2出苗率最高,依次為S≥1 cm2,0.65 cm2≤S<0.8 cm2,0.5 cm2≤S<0.65 cm2,S<0.5 cm2的種子不出苗;播種基質為土-沙組合出苗時間較腐葉土基質提前13個月,播后18個月出苗率搞出了26.33 %。催芽播種胚根長度越長其出苗率相對較高,當胚根長度是種子直徑4倍及以上(L≥2 cm)時出苗率、出苗最整齊。直接播種和催芽播種對土壤水分和播種深度要求基本一致。直接播種時,應優選種子;催芽播種,應在胚根長度L≥2 cm時播種。播種深度0-2 cm適宜,一般不宜超過4 cm,苗床土壤應保持潮濕。
關鍵詞 滇重樓 ;二次休眠 ;種子 ;播種
中圖分類號 S567.23
Abstract Field under the condition of Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanens is low seed germination rate, emergence time and emergence not neat, is always the bottleneck of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis production. To explore the factors in Paris polyphylla var.Yunnanensis emergence rate,We compared the field under the condition of seed size, length of radicle, seeding matrix, sowing depth, soil moisture effects on Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis seed germination rate. The medium size seed (0.8cm2≤S<1cm2) is level 1seed for its highest germination rate ,Followed by secondary seeds(S≥1cm2), level 3 seed (0.65cm2≤S<0.8cm2), four seeds(0.5cm2≤S<0.65cm2),the seed (S<0.5cm2)germination rate is zero, should be rejected in the production. The longer the length of radicle its emergence rate is Relatively high,When the radicle length is seed diameter 4 times and above (L≥2cm) is the highest germination rate, Five months after seeding emergence rate can reach 23.82%, 73.43% after 6 months, after 18 months of 80.67%. Its germination rate on average than radicle length L < 0.5 cm higher than 55.89%, radicle length 0.5 cm L < 1.0 cm higher than 36.02%, radicle length1.0cm≤ L<2cm higher than 14.37%, difference is very significant.Seeding matrix of soil - sand combination, no. 2 seed germination rate, five months after planting is 13.25%, 6 months after planting was 32.75%, 7 months after planting was 33.5%, seeding after 18 months of 89%; Leaf soil matrix,seeding for 18 months to emergence, emergence rate was 62.67%.;straight seeded, shoud be graded seed.;germinating seeds sow, Radicle length(L≥2cm) is the best time to sow;the difference is very significant.Sowing depth 0-2 cm is appropriate,should not be commonly more than 4 cm, seedbed soil should be kept damp 60%-70% (soil moisture), avoid secondary dormancy.
Key words Paris polyphylla smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz ; secondary dormancy ; Seed ; cultivation
滇重樓[1][Paris polyphylla smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz]的根狀莖是云南白藥系列的主要原料。然而,滇重樓根莖繁殖率低,離體培養難度大,因此,利用種子繁殖仍然是滇重樓育苗的主要途徑。滇重樓由于自身特性和研究起步較晚等原因,大田條件下某些方面的播種技術仍需系統研究。有關滇重樓種子室內出苗率的研究,前人已做了大量有效的工作。李恒等研究認為,滇重樓種子需經過兩冬一夏才能完成形態學后熟和生理學后熟,休眠期為18個月或更長時間,二次休眠是重樓種子的生理特性,也是重樓種子長期不萌發的原因[2-4];李運昌研究認為,重樓種子自然條件下2 a才能出苗,出苗率難達50 %,采用高低溫變溫處理后,1 a內即可萌發,出苗率達60 %[5];陳偉等報道,種子從采集當年的9-12月到第二年冬季之前完成形態成熟及各器官的發育,大田表現為種子只發根不出苗,且種子成熟與生長環境無關[6];周濃等通過超聲和赤霉素處理均可提高出根率和縮短出苗時間;王艷芳等[9]認為種皮、果實成熟度和赤霉素影響了滇重樓種子的發根率和發根速度[7-8];……