新型ZrTiAlV合金力學性能及高速沖擊行為研究

王愛民 張海峰 龔自正

摘要：ZrTiAlV合金具有較低的密度和優異的力學性能，使其有可能代替傳統材料作為空間活動構件的新型材料使用。本文通過分離式霍普金森壓桿、二級輕氣炮和激光驅動飛片等實驗技術，系統研究了ZrTiAlV合金的準靜態和動態力學性能，沖擊壓縮性能和微小碎片高速撞擊特性。研究發現，該合金具有較高的強度和較好的塑性，屈服強度隨應變速率的提高而增加，變形過程中有塑性應變現象。通過熱處理可以改善ZrTiAlV合金的力學性能。高溫退火后合金完全由β相組成，在準靜態和動態條件下均具有較好的塑性；退火后再回火可在β相中析出細小的α相，從而提高合金的強度，但經回火處理后合金在較高應變速率下塑性較差。經9MeV質子輻照后，ZrTiAlV合金的動態壓縮強度隨質子累積注量的增加而下降，經累積注量1×10 13/cm 2質子輻照后，合金的動態壓縮強度隨應變速率的增加而減小，而原始鍛造態的合金動態壓縮強度隨應變速率的增加而增加，合金的塑性較差，且輻照前后的變化不大。通過沖擊壓縮實驗，得到了ZrTiAlV合金的沖擊波速度和波后粒子速度的關系，獲得了該合金的Grüneisen參數和P-V-T物態方程。獲得了微小碎片對ZrTiAlV合金單次和累積撞擊損傷規律，分析了損傷機理。

關鍵詞：ZrTiAlV合金；動態力學性能；熱處理；質子輻照；沖擊壓縮；微小碎片高速撞擊

Abstract：ZrTiAlV alloys have low density and excellent mechanical properties， making it possible to replace traditional materials as moving components in spacecraft. In this report， split Hopkinson pressure bar， two-stage light-gas gun and laser-driven flyer technology and some other experimental techniques were used to study systematically the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties， shock compression and micro-debris hypervelocity impact features of ZrTiAlV alloy. It was found that this alloy has high strength and good ductility， its yield strength increase with increasing strain rate， and plastic strain was found during deformation process. The mechanical properties of ZrTiAlV alloy can be improved by heat treatment. After high temperature annealing， the alloy was composed entirely of β phase， and have good plasticity under both quasi-static and dynamic conditions. After tempering， fine α-phase precipitates in β phase， thereby the strength was enhanced but ductility is poor especially at high strain rate. After irradiation by 9MeV proton， the dynamic compressive strength of ZrTiAlV alloy decrease with increasing proton cumulative fluence. After irradiation by proton with cumulative fluence of 1×10 13/cm 2， the dynamic compressive strength of the alloy decreased with increasing strain rate， however it increased with strain rate in original as-forged state. The plasticity of the alloy changed little before and after irradiation. The relationship between the shock wave velocity and particle velocity， Grüneisen parameters and PVT equation of state were obtained by shock compression experiments. The damage law of single and cumulative impact of micro debris on ZrTiAlV alloy was acquired and the damage mechanism was analyzed.

Keywords：ZrTiAlV alloy； Dynamic mechanical properties； Heat treatment； Proton irradiation； Shock compression； Micro debris hypervelocity impact

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