多源流理論模型下政策議程研究

符雯雯 景慶虹

摘 要 修正案是對(duì)96版促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化法的補(bǔ)充與修改，結(jié)合中國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀與經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，從體制機(jī)制上為科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化掃清障礙，進(jìn)一步提高科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化效率。運(yùn)用多源流分析框架，對(duì)修正案中的問(wèn)題源流、政策源流、政治源流進(jìn)行梳理分析。研究與發(fā)展（R&D）費(fèi)用的增長(zhǎng)與科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化率的進(jìn)步不成正比、科研腐敗與經(jīng)費(fèi)濫用、原有政策的滯后性等都成為問(wèn)題源流；人民代表、專(zhuān)家學(xué)者與企業(yè)家的提案與建言構(gòu)成政策源流；公眾情緒與政府自身深化體制改革的動(dòng)力形成政治源流。三大溪流在焦點(diǎn)事件的催化與政策企業(yè)家推動(dòng)下，撬動(dòng)“政策之窗”的開(kāi)啟，從而使問(wèn)題進(jìn)入政策議程。

關(guān)鍵詞 多源流理論模型 ；促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化法 ；議程設(shè)置

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) D902.1

Abstract Based on our current social and economic situation， the amendment， a modified version to the law enacted in 1996， can clear the way for the R&D achievements from the system and accelerate the transfer of the R&D achievements. In this paper A framework of multiple theory was used to analysis the origins of the problem， policy and politics in the amendment. The problem were origin from the out proportion of scientific research achievements transformation （R&D） cost growth and the scientific and technological achievements conversion rate， the misusing of fund， the widespread corruption and the lag of original policy. The policy origins were proposed from representatives experts、scholars and entrepreneurs. The power Origins was formatted from public sentiment and the deeply reformed of the government. For the reason of catalytic focus events and the policy entrepreneurs 's promotion， the "window of policy" was opened and the issue was dropping down the policy agenda.

Key words multiple streams theory model ； law on promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements ； agenda setting

1996年5月15日八屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第十九次會(huì)議通過(guò)了《促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化法》，國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳于1999年3月30日印發(fā)《關(guān)于促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化若干規(guī)定》。2015年8月29日，新修訂的《促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)換法》通過(guò)十二屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第十六次會(huì)議審議，并于2015年10月1日起實(shí)施。

現(xiàn)行促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化法共37條，而修正案草案就有40條。與現(xiàn)行法律相比，草案修改后，補(bǔ)充增加的內(nèi)容超過(guò)三分之一，大多數(shù)條款都有改動(dòng)。為何會(huì)導(dǎo)致如此大篇幅的修改？其中的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力以及過(guò)程又是如何的？本文將借鑒和運(yùn)用金登的多源流理論[1]，對(duì)《促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化法修正案》政策議程設(shè)置進(jìn)行分析，在此基礎(chǔ)上闡釋促使修訂的動(dòng)力因素，以期為政府更好地制定公共政策提供有益啟示。……