復(fù)雜條件下飛行器進(jìn)近可視導(dǎo)航的基礎(chǔ)理論研究技術(shù)

摘 要：復(fù)雜條件下飛行器進(jìn)近著陸問題引發(fā)的事故占全部飛行事故的60%以上，提高進(jìn)近著陸安全水平刻不容緩。進(jìn)近過程中，飛行器間、飛行器與障礙物間的安全飛行間隔急劇縮小，受復(fù)雜地形、電磁、氣象等特殊環(huán)境的影響，飛行運動呈現(xiàn)復(fù)雜時空變化。尤其在低能見度條件下，進(jìn)近飛行存在重大安全隱患?？梢晫?dǎo)航技術(shù)將是解決復(fù)雜條件下飛行器安全進(jìn)近著陸的重要手段，其原理和理論尚處于初步探索階段。該研究屬于航空、信息、交通和地學(xué)等多學(xué)科交叉領(lǐng)域，是典型的軍民兩用技術(shù)，其核心技術(shù)一直被國外嚴(yán)密封鎖，此方面的研究國內(nèi)剛剛起步。迫切需要開展多維動態(tài)復(fù)雜空地環(huán)境統(tǒng)一表示、多源多尺度景象魯棒匹配與合成視覺的時空配準(zhǔn)以及可信導(dǎo)航視場下的自主進(jìn)近優(yōu)化理論與方法等方面的研究。該報告的研究工作主要涉及飛行器進(jìn)近復(fù)雜環(huán)境的多維動態(tài)統(tǒng)一表示；飛行器威脅目標(biāo)的實時識別、地空數(shù)據(jù)自適應(yīng)協(xié)同傳輸方法；飛行進(jìn)近景象魯棒匹配，刻畫飛行器導(dǎo)航定位信息、環(huán)境模型數(shù)據(jù)、多視角場景的時空映射關(guān)系；復(fù)雜進(jìn)近的可視導(dǎo)航置信理論；飛行器周邊威脅目標(biāo)的實時預(yù)警與沖突解脫方法；空地協(xié)同的自主進(jìn)近隊列優(yōu)化與引導(dǎo)技術(shù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：飛行器進(jìn)近 魯棒匹配 威脅目標(biāo)識別 協(xié)同傳輸 合成視覺 可信導(dǎo)航

Abstract：Accidents that happened during flight approach and landing caused by complex conditions have already accounted for above 60% of all kinds of flight accidents， which indicates that it is very urgent and important to improve the safety level of flight approach and landing. During approach， the safe flight separation between the aircrafts as well as between the aircraft and obstructions sharply reduces， and the flight movement presents a complex temporal and spatial variation， affected by the complex terrain， electromagnetic， meteorological environment. Especially， there are significant security risks in the approach flight under low visibility conditions. Vision-based navigation will be an important means to address the flight approach safety under complex conditions， while the principle and theory is still in the preliminary stage of exploration. This program belongs to the interdisciplinary fields of aviation， information， transportation and geoscience， which is a typical dual-use technology， and the corresponding research has just started in our country since the tightly core technology has been closely guarded by foreign countries. The researches， such as unified representation of dynamic multi-dimensional complexity environment， robust fusion of multi-resource and multi-scale scene， temporal-spatial registration of synthetic vision， and the optimization theory and methodology on credible navigation and autonomously approaching， are urgently needed to be investigated. The main research tasks involve：（1）multi-dimensional and dynamic uniform representation for complicated environment during aircraft’s approaching；（2）methods for real-time identifying threatening objects for aircraft， and adaptive method for cooperative data transmission between ground and air；（3）robust methods for scene registration during aircraft approaching， and solution depicting time-space mapping relation between position information for aircraft’s navigation， data of environment model and multi-view scenes；（4）confidence theory for visual navigation under complicated environment；（5）methods for early warning threatening objects around aircraft， and freeing conflicts in real-time；（6）technologies for autonomous optimization of approaching queue and guidance along with air-ground coordination.

Key Words：Aircraft approach； Robust mapping； Threatening objects identification； Cooperative transmission； Synthetic vision； Confidence theory for visual navigation

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