強調句學哪些？

安徽省碭山鐵路中學 王瑾瑾

強調句學哪些？

安徽省碭山鐵路中學 王瑾瑾

在交際過程中，為了使自己的思想能被對方充分的理解，必須加強語氣，突出重要的內容，增加對比效果與感情色彩，這時就會用到強調。高中階段主要學習的強調形式就是強調句了。在人教版必修一第一單元的Reading中我們就見到了強調句 “It was because I haven't been outdoors for so long that I became crazy about everything to do with nature.”這句話是不是讓很多同學都很糾結啊？今天我們就來看看強調句都要學習什么。

一、基本結構和用法

用途：強調句子的某一成分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）

基本結構：It is（was）+被強調部分+that（who）...

分析：表示強調的 it在句子中作主句的主語；被強調部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語；強調的主語如果是人，that和who都可用。如：

Last night I saw a film in that cinema.昨晚我在那家電影院看電影。

強調主語：It was I that/who saw a film in that cinema last night.

昨晚是我在那家電影院看電影。（是我不是別人）

強調賓語：It was a film that I saw in that cinema last night.

昨晚在那家電影院看的是電影。（是電影不是其他）

強調地點狀語：It was in that cinema that I saw a film last night.

昨晚我是在那家電影院看的電影。（是那家電影院不是其他電影院）

強調時間狀語：It was last night that I saw a film in that cinema.

我是昨晚在那家電影院看的電影。（是昨晚不是其他時間）

另外，還要注意下面幾點：

1.在強調主語時，that后的謂語動詞要與被強調者保持人稱和數的一致。如：

It is I who am a teacher.

2.即使被強調的主語是復數，主句中的謂語動詞也用單數。如：

It is they who often help me with my lessons.

3.原句的謂語動詞如果是現在或將來的各種時態，用It is...that（who）...；如果原句謂語動詞是過去各種時態，則用It was...that（who）...。如：

Mary is right.

—It is Mary who is right..

We met him at the school gate

—It was him who we met at the school gate.

4.在強調一般疑問句中的某一成分時，主句要用一般疑問句的語序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被強調部分后詞序及詞形都不可以改動。如：

Did this happen in Beijing？

Was it in Beijing that this happened？

5.特殊疑問句中只有疑問詞可以強調，其強調結構是“疑問詞+is（was）it that...？”如：

Where were you born？

—Where was it that you were born？

6.在強調時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，不能用when，where，why或how，而要用that。如：

It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.

只有當最近我重讀他的詩時，我才開始欣賞他們的美。

It was the house that the murder happened.

是在那棟房子發生了謀殺案。

It was because I haven't been outdoors for so long that I became crazy about everything to do with nature.

正是由于我長期無法出門的緣故，我變得對關于一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。

It was by doing exercise again and again that he recovered from his illness.

正是通過一再的鍛煉他才從疾病中康復。

二、強調句的一般疑問句和特殊疑問句

1.強調句的一般疑問句基本句型是：Is/Was+it+that+句子其他成分？

Did he see you in the office just now？

—Was it in the office that he saw you just now？他見你的地方是在辦公室嗎？

Does he often go to the library？

—Is it to the library that he often goes？他經常去的地方是圖書館嗎？

2.強調句的特殊疑問句的基本句型是：特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that+句子其他成分？

When did you first go to the Great Wall？

—When was it that you first went to the Great Wall？

你究竟什么時候第一次去長城的？

Who told you about it？

—Who was it that told you about it？

究竟是誰告訴你這件事的？

Why did you keep silent at the meeting？

—Why was it that you kept silent at the meeting？

你究竟為什么在會上保持沉默？

三、強調句作賓語從句

強調句可以用作賓語從句，此時要注意如果是強調句的一般疑問句作賓語從句，從句中要用陳述語序。

He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.

他告訴他被懲罰正是因為他遲到了。

I really can't remember where it was that I first met the man.

我真的記不清我到底第一次在哪兒遇到那個人了。

四、強調句與not...until的結合

1.在強調not...until結構中由until短語（或從句）表示的時間狀語時，要用固定的強調句型：It is（was）not until...that...注意此時原句的not...until要變成not until，that從句中的謂語動詞要用肯定式。如：

My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.

—It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.

直到昨晚12點我父親才回家。

I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

—It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

直到她拿下墨鏡我才意識到她是一個著名的電影明星。

五、強調句與易混句型的區分

1.強調句型和it作主語的主語從句的辨析。

如果把構成強調句型結構的詞It is（was）...that（who）...去掉，被強調部分歸位后，應該能夠形成一個完整 的句子（這也是判斷是否是強調句型的方法）。而It is/was+名詞/形容詞+that句型中的It is/was...tha是不可去掉的，否則that前的詞就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，下面這個句子如去掉It is/was...that就不再完整：

It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.

學生應該穿他們的校服是學校的規定。

It is very clear that he's the tallest in his class.

顯而易見，他是他們班最高的。

2．強調句型和it作主語的狀語從句的辨析.

我們在學習過程中會遇到下面的句型 It is（was）+時間+_______，這時候空格處到底是不是填that呢？我們只需要把句中的It is（was）...+_______去掉，看看句子是否完整就知道了。

例1 It was when we were returning home_______I realized what a good feeling it was to helped someone in trouble.

去掉It is（was）...+_______之后我們發現句子變成了when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to helped someone in trouble.是完整的，那么這是空格填that。

例2 If you miss this chance，it may be years_______you get another one.

去掉It is（was）...+_______之后我們發現句子變成了If you miss this chance，years you get

another one.是不完整的，在根據句型It may be+一段時間+before...j句型判斷，此處填before。

了解完這些之后讓我們通過一些練習來掌握強調句的用法吧。

牛刀小試：

1.The teacher punished Jim yesterday because he was late.（請分別強調這句話的主語、賓語、時間狀語及原因狀語）

2.Did John attend Mary's wedding last Saturday？（變成強調句）

3.Who did you meet in the street yesterday？ （變成強調句）

4.我想知道你究竟為什么遲到。（請用強調句作賓語翻譯此句）

5.給下列各句填上適當的詞使之完整

It is Mr.Lee that_______（be）going to European for bunnies.

It will be three yesterdays_______he finishes this book.

Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19thcentury_______his musical gift was fully recognized.

Was it in the farm_______he started his research on colon？

參考答案：

1.It was the teacher that/who punished Jim yesterday because he was late.（強調主語）

It was Jim that/who was punished by the teacher yesterday because he was late.（強調賓語）

It was yesterday that the teacher punished Jim yesterday because he was late.（強調時間狀語）

It was because Jim was late that the teacher punished him.yesterday.（強調原因狀語）

2.Was it John that/who attended Mary's wedding last Saturday？

3.Who was it that you met in the street yesterday？

4.I wonder why it was that you were late.

5.is；before；that；that