動(dòng)詞短語類型知多少

□高德勝

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動(dòng)詞短語類型知多少

□高德勝

動(dòng)詞短語是動(dòng)詞的一種固定搭配形式，在各類考試中經(jīng)常對其進(jìn)行考查。現(xiàn)在我們一起來揭開它的神秘面紗吧。

動(dòng)詞短語的搭配可分為六種基本類型：

1.動(dòng)詞+副詞

常見的有put up, call up, set up, fix up, get up, stand up, look up, make up，pick up，take up, clean up, cheer up, come on, go on, put on, turn on, be on, take off, turn off, put off, give out, work out, find out, run out, break out, give away, run away等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中使用十分廣泛，如果后面接代詞作賓語時(shí)，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間；如果接名詞，可以放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可以放在它們的后面。如：

You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.明天交作業(yè)。

Please don’t forget to hand it in.請不要忘了交(它)。

2.動(dòng)詞+介詞

“動(dòng)詞+介詞”，其后可以跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等。常見的有：look after, take after, care for, look for, look at, arrive at, come into, break into, listen to等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：

I haven’t heard of him.我沒聽說過他。

Mum is ill and I have to look after her at home.媽媽病了我得在家照看她。

3.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

常見的有：look down upon, put up with, do away with，look forward to等。如：

How does the boy do away with the bad habits?這個(gè)男孩是怎樣改掉壞習(xí)慣的？

They look forward to visiting Paris.他們盼望去巴黎參觀。

4.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

常見的有：take care of, pay attention to, put an end to, give rise to, have a look at等。如：

Please take care of my dog when I leave for Dalian.

我動(dòng)身到大連時(shí)，請照看我的小狗。

Pay attention to your pronunciation, please.請注意你的發(fā)音。

5. be+形容詞+介詞

常見的有：be used to, be angry with, be strict with, be good at, be afraid of, be ready to等。如：

He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。

He is quite used to getting up early.他很習(xí)慣于早起。

Parents should be very strict with their children.家長們應(yīng)該對孩子嚴(yán)格要求。

6.動(dòng)詞+名詞

常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：

This story took place three years ago.這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在三年前。I make friends with a lot of people.我和許多人都交了朋友。

【學(xué)以致用】

Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇

1. The boy has a good habit to________all the things in right places.

A. put away

B. put up

C. take away

D. take up

（2015呼和浩特）

2. Yunnan is beautiful and I’m________visiting it again.

A. keeping clear of

B. suffering from

C. looking forward to

D. running away from

（2015天津）

3. It’s getting dark. Would you please________the light?

A. get on

B. get off

C. turn on

D. turn off

（2015重慶B）

4. I’m going to graduate from my school soon, but I’ll______it forever.

A. be friends with

B. be thankful to

C. keep away from

D. fall in love with

（2015青島）

5. Mike________reading________playing computer games.

A. prefers; than

B. prefers; to

C. would rather; than

D. would rather; to

（2015眉山）

6. My mother is ill. I have to________her in the hospital after class.

A. look after

B. look up

C. take care

D. take after

（2015新疆）

7. As a teacher, I love being with my students. You can’t imagine how much they________knowledge!

A. are thirsty for

B. are famous for

C. are good for

（2015山西）

8.________these past three years, I remember many things.

A. Looking up to

B. Looking out

C. Looking back at

D. Looking after

（2015十堰）

Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語完成句子。

1.地上有個(gè)錢包，請把它撿起來。

There is a purse on the floor, please________________.

2.他們是什么時(shí)候到達(dá)你們村子的？

When did they________________your village?

3.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心老年人。

We should________________the old.

4.讓我看看你的新手表吧。

Let me________________your new watch.

5.不要生我的氣，我會(huì)做好的。

Don’t________________________me. I can do it well.

參考答案：

Ⅰ. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C

Ⅱ. 1. pick it up 2. arrive at 3. care for 4. have a look at 5. be angry with