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跟拖延癥說拜拜就是這么簡單

2016-03-12 21:34:51MargaretKaminski
新東方英語·中學版 2016年3期

Margaret+Kaminski++張京晉

Read this now (not later!) to end the last-minute panic. For good.

You know the people who walk confidently into a math test without trying to burn last-minute formulas2) into their brains? They may seem like homework cyborgs3), but they're real, and you can become one of them—once you learn to keep procrastination under control.

The first step: understanding that procrastination isn't caused by laziness! Most of us put things off to avoid negative emotions—from awkwardness to boredom to anxiety. But the truth is, you'll save yourself tons of stress if you outsmart those sneaky feelings that get in your way—and it's easier than you think.

為了終結(永遠地終結)最后一分鐘的慌亂,現在(而不是待會兒!)就來讀一下這篇文章吧。

你知道那種無須在最后一分鐘竭力將公式刻進腦子里就能自信滿滿地走進數學考場的人吧?他們可能看起來像是會做作業的智能機器人,但他們是真實存在的,而且你也可以成為他們中的一員——一旦你學會掌控拖延癥的話。

首先,要明白拖延癥不是懶惰造成的!我們當中的大部分人做事拖延是為了規避從尷尬到無聊再到焦慮的負面情緒。但事實卻是,如果你能比擋在你前行道路上的那些鬼鬼祟祟的情緒更高明(這比你想象的要容易一些),你將幫助自己免受極大的壓力。

Find Your Procrastination Style and Fix It ... Not When You "Feel Like It"—Right Now!

找到你所對應的拖延癥類型,然后搞定它……不是你“想做這件事”的時候,而是現在!

01 The Busy Bee

如果你是忙碌型

Sure, you'll study for tomorrow's Spanish test! Right after you walk the dog, call your grandma, go for a run, eat a snack, brush your teeth ...

The Fix: You may have tricked yourself into thinking you're being productive, but you can't fool us. You're simply postponing4) that one big, terrifying task! To tackle it, break your studying into smaller chunks (think: "memorize 10 vocab words") and put each piece on your to-do list. You'll get to cross more items off (best feeling ever!) plus you'll start thinking of the test material as many manageable pieces—rather than one huge hunk5).

1.procrastinate [pr???kr?st??ne?t] vi. 拖延;耽擱

2.formula [?f??mj?l?] n. 公式;方程式;計算式

3.cyborg [?sa?b??ɡ] n. (科幻故事中)半人半機器的生物

當然了,你會為了明天的西班牙語考試去學習的!但那得等你先遛完狗、給奶奶打完電話、跑完步、吃完點心、刷完牙……

如何搞定:你或許欺騙了自己,讓你自己以為這樣做很有收獲,可你騙不了我們。你只不過是在把那項重大而可怕的任務往后推而已!要解決這個問題,你得把你的學習任務分解成更小的塊(試想“背十個單詞”),并將每一小塊任務列在你的任務清單上。最后你將可以從任務清單上劃掉更多的內容——那可是前所未有的最美妙的感覺!此外,你還會開始把那些考試材料看成是自己力所能及的許多小塊,而不是一大塊。

02 The Multitasker

如果你是一心多用型

You're great at getting started—if by that you mean opening a textbook and highlighting6) while also watching cat videos and eating fruits.

The Fix: It's normal to be bored or hungry, but your diversions7) don't need to derail8) you. To stay on track, turn your distractions into your rewards: Do work for 20 minutes, and then watch a video of a cute kitten flushing a toilet. Dying to replay? Get another 20 minutes of research or writing in first. Once the tough part (getting focused!) is over, you'll be barreling9) through that textbook before you can say "meow".

你很善于開始行動——如果對你而言,開始行動就意味著一邊打開課本、用彩筆劃出重點,一邊還在看貓咪視頻、吃水果的話。

如何搞定:感到無聊和饑餓很正常,但那些使你轉移注意力的事物沒有必要讓你偏離正常的軌道。要使自己保持在正常的軌道上,就把那些讓自己分心的東西變成給自己的獎勵吧。先學習20分鐘,然后看一段萌貓沖馬桶的視頻。著急想再看一遍?那就得再先拿出20分鐘做點研究或是寫點東西。這段難捱的部分(集中注意力!)一旦熬過去,你就已經在不知不覺快速瀏覽那本課本啦,之后就可以叫一聲“喵”了。

03 The Avoider

如果你是逃避型

You open your backpack when—Slam! You're hit by an anxiety blackout10). You can't ever imagine finishing your work ... so you don't even start.

The Fix: The panicky part of your mind is having a tantrum11) so the decision-making side can't get a word in edgewise12). To put your rational brain back in the driver's seat13), try meditating—which sounds a lot harder than it is. Simply sit with your eyes closed and slowly breathe in through your nose, out through your mouth. Repeat 10 times, and then tackle your work. You'll feel more motivated—promise!

你打開背包,砰!你因焦慮而一下子失去知覺。你甚至根本無法想象你能完成功課……所以你干脆就不開始了。

如何搞定:你大腦中恐慌的那部分正在發脾氣,因此負責做決策的那部分就插不上嘴了。為了讓你的理性大腦重新掌控大局,試著冥想吧——這聽起來要難得多,但其實不然。你只需閉上雙眼坐下來, 慢慢地用鼻子吸氣,再慢慢地用嘴巴呼氣。這樣重復十次,然后去做作業。你將會覺得更有動力,我保證!

04 The Thrill Seeker

如果你是尋求刺激型

You know you always work better "under pressure". So why would you waste time on your assignments before the heat14) is on?

The Fix: The heart-pounding pressure of working on a deadline can be exhilarating15) ... until you meet the soul-crushing crash that follows. To recreate that adrenaline16) rush in a productive way, give yourself tiny deadlines as you go, or squeeze in work at random times. Got a 25-minute bus ride home from school? Pick a of a big task (like reading just one chapter of To Kill a Mockingbird), and only give yourself those 25 minutes to do it. By the time you're two streets away, you'll be speed-reading to reach your goal.

你知道自己往往在“壓力下”做得更好。所以你何必在壓力尚未啟動之前浪費時間去做你的作業呢?

如何搞定:踩著最后期限完成任務,那種令人心跳加速的緊迫可能會令你感到興奮……直到你遭遇了隨之而來的精神粉碎性的崩潰。如果你想再次有效地經歷那種腎上腺素激增的狀況,你可以在完成任務的過程中給自己設定一些小的截止日期,或是在做事的過程中時不時地擠出一些時間。你從學校回家不是要坐25分鐘的公交車嗎?從一項大的任務中選取一小塊(比如只讀《殺死一只知更鳥》這本書中的一個章節),并只給自己這25分鐘來做這件事。當你離家只有兩條街的距離時,你就會加快閱讀速度來實現你的目標。

The Secret Science Behind Why You Put Stuff Off (and Brag About It!)

隱藏在你為何做事拖延(對此你還大肆炫耀!)背后的科學秘密

Psychologists share two of the deep-seated17) sources of procrastination. They sound different—but are surprisingly similar!

1. Fear of Failure

It sounds backward, but many students set themselves up for18) disappointment by (you guessed it!) procrastinating. Doing an assignment under extreme conditions—no sleep, no time, no research—gives them a built-in excuse if everything doesn't turn out perfectly.

2. Fear of Success

On the flip side19), others put off tasks because they're afraid they'll do well. Sound crazy? Think of it this way: When you're used to getting Bs, procrastination helps you maintain the system so you never have to find out your true potential—and live up to high expectations.

拖延癥是由很多根深蒂固的原因導致的,心理學家們分享了其中的兩種。它們聽起來不同,但其實卻驚人的相似!

1. 害怕失敗

這個原因聽起來有點不思進取,但許多同學都是通過拖延(你猜對了!)來使自己應對令人失望的狀況的。在極端條件(沒有睡覺、時間不夠、沒做研究)下完成作業使他們擁有了一個“內置”的借口——如果最后一切都不是那么理想的話。

2. 害怕成功

恰好相反,有人拖延任務是因為他們害怕自己會做得很好。聽起來很荒唐吧?不妨這樣來看這種想法:當你習慣得到B時,拖延癥可以幫你保持你現有的這一套方法,這樣你就永遠都不用被迫去挖掘自己的真正潛力并進而達到別人對你的高期望了。

The Bottom Line?

拖延的底線是什么?

Next time you feel like brushing off20) work, don't worry about succeeding or failing. Focus on the task—and you'll be done before you can psych yourself out21).

下次你對手頭的事情沒有那么上心時,不要擔心成敗。把注意力集中在任務上——那么,在你還沒能把自己弄得緊張兮兮之前,任務就已經完成了。

4.postpone [p??sp??n] vt. (使事件、行動等)延遲;延期

5.hunk [h??k] n. 一大塊;一大片

6.highlight [?ha?la?t] vi. 將(文本的某部分)用彩筆做標記

7.diversion [da??v???n] n. 轉移視線(或注意力)的事物

8.derail [d??re?l] vt. 使離開正常進程

9.barrel [?b?r?l] vi. 高速行駛;飛奔

10.blackout [?bl?ka?t] n. 暫時性失去知覺(或記憶力);暫時性眼前昏黑

11.tantrum [?t?ntr?m] n. (尤指孩子突然無理的)脾氣發作

12.not get a word in edgewise: (因別人說話太多)插不上嘴

13.in the driver's seat: 處于統領地位;處于控制地位

14.heat [hi?t] n. <口>壓力

15.exhilarating [?ɡ?z?l?re?t??] adj. 令人高興的;使人興奮的

16.adrenaline [??dren?l?n] n.【醫】腎上腺素

17.deep-seated [?di?p?si?t?d] adj. 根深蒂固的;難以改變的

18.set ... up for ...: 使……處于某種位置;把……置于某種境地

19.flip side: (想法、論點或行動的)另一面,反面

20.brush off: <美口>對……不重視;對……充耳不聞

21.psych ... out: 使……在心理上感到不安(或恐懼)

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