蜂膠黃酮對炎癥反應單核細胞中NLRP3炎性小體活性的影響
張曉暉1,曾偉1,陳鵬2,姚樹桐2
(1泰山醫學院附屬醫院,山東泰安271000;2泰山醫學院基礎醫學院)
摘要:目的觀察蜂膠黃酮對氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)誘導的炎癥反應單核細胞中核苷酸結合寡聚化結構域樣受體3(NLRP3)炎性小體活性的影響。方法培養單核細胞THP1并分為5個組。實驗1、2、3組及模型組加入ox-LDL 100 μg/mL制作單核細胞炎癥反應模型;實驗1、2、3組在加入ox-LDL前分別給予5、10、15 μg/mL蜂膠黃酮處理1 h;對照組不添加藥物。各組培養24 h后,采用Western blotting法檢測細胞中的NLRP3蛋白,采用ELISA法檢測細胞培養液上清中的IL-1β、IL-18。結果對照組、模型組、實驗1組、實驗2組、實驗3組細胞中NLRP3蛋白相對表達量分別為0.26±0.04、1.12±0.15、0.98±0.11、0.65±0.07、0.52±0.06,模型組與對照組相比,P均<0.05;實驗2組、實驗3組與模型組相比,P均<0.05。模型組培養液上清中IL-1β、IL-18水平高于對照組,實驗2組、實驗3組培養液上清中IL-1β、IL-18水平低于模型組(P均<0.05)。結論 蜂膠黃酮可下調ox-LDL誘導的單核細胞炎癥反應模型中NLRP3蛋白的表達,降低IL-1β、IL-18分泌水平,抑制NLRP3炎性小體的活性。
關鍵詞:蜂膠黃酮;核苷酸結合寡聚化結構域樣受體3;單核細胞;炎癥反應;白細胞介素1β;白細胞介素18
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.39.004
中圖分類號:R541.4文獻標志碼:A
基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目(81202979)。
作者簡介:第一張曉暉(1977-),男,本科,主治醫師,主要研究方向為動脈粥樣硬化的發生發展機制。E-mail: tyfyzxh@163.com
收稿日期:(2015-08-29)
Effects of propolis flavonoids on activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes
ZHANGXiao-hui1,ZENGWei,CHENPeng,YAOShu-tong
(1AffiliatedHospitalofTaishanMedicalCollege,Taian271000,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the effects of propolis flavonoids on the activation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in mononuclear cells. MethodsThe monocytes THP1 were cultured and divided into five groups. The experimental groups 1, 2, 3 and the model group were treated with 100 μg/mL ox-LDL to produce mononuclear inflammatory reaction models. The monocytes of the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated with 5, 10 and 15 μg/mL propolis flavonoids before ox-LDL, and the monocytes of the control group was treated by ox-LDL in the absence of propo1is flavonoids. After 24 h, the expression of NLRP3 was measured by Western blotting. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA. ResultsThe levels of NLRP3 protein in the control group, model group and the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 were 0.26±0.04, 1.12±0.15, 0.98±0.11, 0.65±0.07 and 0.52±0.06, respectively. The expression of NLRP3 protein was significantly increased in the model group as compared with that in the control group (all P<0.05). The expression of NLRP3 protein in the experimental groups 2 and 3 was significantly decreased as compared with that of the model group (all P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 was significantly higher in the model group as compared with those of the control group, and the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the experimental groups 2 and 3 was significantly decreased as compared with those of the model group (all P<0.05). ConclusionPropolis flavonoids may down-regulate the expression of NLRP3 protein in the ox-LDL induced inflammatory response of the mononuclear cells, decrease the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 and inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Key words: propolis flavonoids; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing protein 3; monocytes; inflammatory response; interleukin-1β; interleukin-18
近年來,動脈粥樣硬化的發病率逐年上升并呈年輕化趨勢,尋找安全有效的抗動脈粥樣硬化藥物具有重要意義[1]。蜂膠黃酮是從蜂膠中提取出的活性物質,有抗病毒、抗菌、抗氧化、抗腫瘤、調節免疫力及改善微循環等多種生物學活性[2~4]。此外,蜂膠黃酮還能抑制血小板黏附和聚集、保護血管內皮細胞免受炎癥損傷,具體機制尚不明確。炎性體是細胞內一類大分子蛋白復合體。核苷酸結合寡聚化結構域樣受體3(NLRP3)炎性小體是較為經典的炎性體,它可被相關病原分子及缺血缺氧條件激活,促進IL-1β、IL-18分泌,參與動脈粥樣硬化的發生發展[5,6]。2015年2~8月,我們將氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)作用于單核細胞THP1,建立炎癥反應模型,觀察蜂膠黃酮對THP1細胞中NLRP3炎性小體活性的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1實驗材料THP1細胞購自Scien Cell研究實驗室;蜂膠黃酮由本實驗室制備;ox-LDL購自北京鼎國昌盛生物技術有限責任公司;NLRP3抗體購自Abcam公司;IL-1β、IL-18 ELISA檢測試劑盒購自R&D Systems公司。
1.2細胞培養與分組THP1細胞培養于添加10%胎牛血清的1640培養基中,在37 ℃、5%CO2的培養箱中進行無菌培養。培養細胞傳3代以后,將細胞分為5個組,分別為對照組、模型組、實驗1組、實驗2組、實驗3組。
1.3動脈粥樣硬化單核細胞模型制作及蜂膠黃酮干預方法實驗1、2、3組及模型組中加入ox-LDL 100 μg/mL制作單核細胞炎癥反應模型;實驗1、2、3組在加入ox-LDL前分別給予5、10、15 μg/mL蜂膠黃酮處理1 h;對照組不添加藥物。各組培養24 h后收集細胞,進行后續實驗。
1.4各組細胞中NLRP3蛋白檢測采用Western blotting法。向各組細胞中加入RIPA裂解液200 μL,冰上放置30 min后,4 ℃、12 000 r/min離心15 min。取上清液,用BCA法測定蛋白濃度。制備分離膠及濃縮膠,將蛋白樣品與Loading Buffer混合,煮沸5 min。在每個上樣孔加入蛋白樣品80 μg,進行電泳。取出凝膠,在恒流180 mA下濕轉90 min,轉于NC膜上。5%脫脂奶粉室溫封閉1 h,加入兔抗人NLRP3抗體(1∶1 000),4 ℃過夜,TBST洗膜3次,每次10 min;加入羊抗兔二抗,室溫孵育60 min,TBST洗膜3次,每次洗10min。用ECL化學發光液在暗室進行顯色、拍片,以NLRP3/GAPDH灰度值表示NLRP3蛋白相對表達量。
1.5各組培養液上清中IL-1β、IL-18檢測收集各組細胞培養液上清,采用ELISA法檢測IL-1β、IL-18,按試劑盒說明書操作。
1.6統計學方法采用SPSS16.0軟件進行統計分析。計量資料以±s表示,組間比較采用方差分析。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2結果
2.1各組細胞中NLRP3蛋白表達比較對照組、模型組、實驗1組、實驗2組、實驗3組細胞中NLRP3蛋白相對表達量分別為0.26±0.04、1.12±0.15、0.98±0.11、0.65±0.07、0.52±0.06,模型組NLRP3蛋白表達量高于對照組(P<0.05);實驗2組、實驗3組NLRP3蛋白表達量低于模型組(P均<0.05)。
2.2各組培養液上清中IL-1β、IL-18水平比較模型組培養液上清中IL-1β、IL-18水平高于對照組,實驗2組、實驗3組培養液上清中IL-1β、IL-18水平低于模型組(P均<0.05)。見表1。
表1 各組培養液上清中IL-1β、IL-18
水平比較(pg/mL, ± s)

表1 各組培養液上清中IL-1β、IL-18
組別IL-1βIL-18實驗1組155.18±15.67198.36±21.38實驗2組129.56±11.89#171.07±18.74#實驗3組91.77±10.57#150.92±16.31#模型組178.35±17.56*237.19±25.66*對照組56.28±9.78106.55±14.67
注:與對照組相比,*P<0.05;與模型組相比,#P<0.05。
3討論
蜂膠素是蜜蜂從植物新生芽條或愈傷組織中采集分泌物后,加入蜜蜂的舌腺、蠟腺等腺體分泌物及花粉等混合而成的具有特殊芳香氣味的黏膠狀物質[7]。蜂膠的化學成分復雜,主要成分為黃酮化合物。蜂膠黃酮具有抗病毒、軟化血管、降血脂、調節免疫、改善微循環、抗氧化等廣泛的生物學活性[8,9],還有抗動脈粥樣硬化的作用。動脈粥樣硬化發病機制復雜,目前存在幾種學說,包括脂質滲入學說、內皮細胞損傷學說、炎癥學說等[10,11],其中脂代謝異常在動脈粥樣硬化的形成中發揮重要作用。血液中高水平的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)被活性氧簇(ROS)等自由基氧化后成為ox-LDL,后者參與動脈粥樣硬化的形成過程。ox-LDL可被血液中的單核細胞吞噬,被吞噬的ox-LDL在細胞中不易被分解,之后單核細胞將會轉變成泡沫細胞[12,13]。
NLRP3是經典的炎性小體,由NLRP3、Caspase-1、含C-末端Caspase募集域的凋亡相關斑點樣蛋白(ASC)相互結合形成。通常情況下,NLRP3處于自身抑制狀態,當與配體結合后自身發生寡聚化,進而與ASC發生相互作用,通過ASC招募并激活Caspase-1,Caspase-1活化后可催化IL-1 及IL-18前體,使其成為有活性的形式,并分泌到細胞外發揮促炎作用[14]。已有報道顯示,NLRP3可被膽固醇結晶活化,促進IL-1 、IL-18的分泌,發揮促動脈粥樣硬化作用[15]。
本研究中,我們用ox-LDL作用于THP1細胞,誘導單核細胞炎癥反應,觀察蜂膠黃酮對NLRP3炎性小體活性的影響。我們發現,ox-LDL可誘導NLRP3蛋白表達增多,并能提高NLRP3炎性小體下游炎癥因子IL-1 、IL-18分泌水平,這與Jiang等[16]的研究結果一致。而給予不同濃度蜂膠黃酮干預后,THP1細胞中NLRP3蛋白表達下調,細胞培養液上清中IL-1 、IL-18水平降低,提示蜂膠黃酮可抑制NLRP3炎性小體的活性,從而抑制ox-LDL誘導的炎癥反應,起到抗動脈粥樣硬化的作用,具體作用機制有待于深入研究。
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