高考英語摘要寫作技巧的指導

張綿

一、問題的提出

從2007年開始，廣東高考英語寫作由原來的書面表達變為基礎寫作和任務型寫作兩部分，分值也由25分增至40分（基礎寫作15分，任務型寫作25分）?；A寫作的要求較任務型寫作簡單些，旨在考察學生用英語準確表達的能力。任務型寫作難度大些，屬于半開放式作文形式。對于高三學生來講，在這么短的時間里要把文章讀懂并能抓住主旨大意不是容易的，因此也就成為考生寫作上最難完成的任務，或可以說是學生寫作的弱項。二、摘要寫作分文體進行指導

下面呈現本人在高三英語教學中對學生進行摘要寫作指導的一個課例，并做分析。

1. 三種文體的特點及摘要寫作要點，見圖1

2. 實際演練

A. 議論文摘要寫作模式

在首段/末段中找出論點，在其他段中找出論據——歸納論點、論據，行文成段。

Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago， people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early， we would be energetic the whole day. Thus， getting up early is of great importance to us all.

In fact， morning is the best time of a day. In the morning， the air is the freshest. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise in the morning， we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However， if we get up late， we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.

Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day， we will certainly benefit a lot from it.

如上文論點用斜體加下線劃出；論據用下線表示，用自己的話進行歸納：

The passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory， healthier body and better preparation for the day.（該摘要范例）

B. 記敘文摘要寫作模式

什么人——做什么事——怎樣做——結果是/有什么啟示

I am Hilary， a girl who plays the piano， I can still remember on May I took part in my schools big talent showcase.

Though I was eager to show off my stuff， I had a feeling that I was going to mess up. I tried going over my music in my mind. Still I just knew I would mess up. When its my turn， I walked to the piano as calmly as possible， sat down， took a deep breath and played the first part. Then I forgot the next note. I froze.

With determination， I played the beginning again， and froze again. I kept playing the beginning again， and messing up. The crowd in the audience was cheering for me， but I just kept messing up！ But I knew the song！ I was determined to get right！

I concentrated， positioned my fingers on the keys and ready to start again. Then I heard my moms scream of encouragement. That scream got me going！ I tried again. I finally completed my song！ I went on to the next one and completed it perfectly.

Who： Hilary

What： She messed up when taking part in the showcase.

How： With determination and her mothers encouragement

Whats the result？ She eventually completed it perfectly.

上文摘要可以是：

When taking part in a showcase， Hilary messed up because of nervousness. But with her determination and encouragement from her mother， she didnt give up and eventually completed it perfectly.

如上所示：找到了記敘文的基本要素后，按時間順序理出結果。如果是夾敘夾議的記敘文，一定要簡單敘，著重議，即得到什么啟示很重要。

責任編輯邱麗