短文寫作得分術

王紅霞 袁黎 胡同梅

對于即將參加高考的同學，再短期內提高短文寫作的水平至關重要。想要提高自己書面表達的分數，就要針對高考的命題特點進行有效的訓練。湖北卷“短文寫作”要求考生根據英文提示，結合一個具體事例，寫一篇話題作文。針對這一命題特點，在寫作時要注意以下幾點：

定主題。首先要讀懂“提示語”，鎖定寫作“話題”。以免跑題或偏題。

列大綱。確定每段要寫的主題句，做到心中有數。

定時態。針對每段不同的特點，選用不同的時態。

寫美文。在行文的過程中，注意長短句的結合，過渡詞語和高級詞匯的使用。

細檢查。仔細檢查全文看是否有錯，盡量避免低級錯誤。

下面以我們訓練的一篇短文為例來進行講解。

請根據以下提示，并結合你生活中的一個事例，用英語寫一篇短文。

A man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears.

注意：①無須寫標題;

②除詩歌外，文體不限;

③內容必須結合你生活中的一個事例;

④文中不得透露個人姓名和學校名稱;

⑤詞數不少于120詞，如引用提示語則不計入總詞數。

提示 ?這篇短文的落腳點應該是勇于面對任何困難，不要逃避。寫這種半開放式的作文，比較保險的寫法是三段式：第一段提出觀點，一般用現在時態;第二段講述一個故事來說明論點，多用過去時態;第三段回應開頭，升華主題，通常使用現在時態。

我們先來看看兩篇習作：

It is universally acknowledged that life is like a road， which is filled with ups and downs. Sometimes we will fear suffering， but on the contrary， what we fear are more likely to happen. So the key to it is to face it with courage.

When it comes to that， I can still well remember that ①there was a time when I was seven years old， I was asked to learn to ride a bike. Before that， ②I never get in touch with it and wasnt familiar with it as well. Owing to my fear， I couldnt learn it well after ?long time. Later， It was what my father told me that fear was of no use ③that woke me up. What I should do was to face it bravely. Following the advice， I became more confident regardless what was in store for me. As a consequence， I succeed.

④In my opinion， we cant know what will happen to us. But it is no use fearing it. Only by facing life with courage can we make a difference.

點評 ?這篇屬于第五檔作文，得分為26分。這位同學在第一段能用短短幾句闡明觀點，同時靈活運用各種句式，如主語從句和定語從句。而on the contrary， to face it with courage等短語的使用又增加了文章的亮點。第二段清楚地敘述了一個故事，但舉例缺乏新意。

這位同學在敘述中有意使用了多種句式。但第①處的there was a time when用得不貼切。這里可以直接用when引導的時間狀語從句，從句時態用過去完成時。第③處使用了強調句。主語從句和賓語從句，但為了追求復雜的句子結構反而出了錯。這里應該把that fear was of no use去掉。第②處和第④處時態不對。第②處應用過去完成時had never got更好，第④處可以用過去時或現在完成時。第三段用三句話升華主題：Only by facing it with courage can we make a difference. 倒裝句用得恰到好處。

Life is always full of ups and downs. We always get into trouble and meet what we fear. However， sometimes fearness can beat us and gives us much more puzzles. ①Thus， what we should do is to overcome the fear and fight against the sufferings rather than give in the fearness.

②Here is a typical example concerning my own experience. I still remember the time when I learned how to swim. At first， I couldnt swim without the help of others and I was afraid of going to the pool where the water was deep. Besides， I only could stay at the bank of the pool. When my father saw me， he wanted me to swim alone. So he told me to hold my breath in the water and I followed his advice. But in the water， I felt terrified and couldnt breathe at all. Suddenly， I was out of control and become more and more afraid. ③On that condition， my father helped me and encouraged me to overcome the fearness. In this case， I made up my mind and forgot my feaness. To my surprise，④I should make it and be able to swim.

When you are in trouble， dont be afraid. ⑤Try to beat what you fear and youll make it.

點評 ?這篇屬于四檔作文，得分為20分。這位同學能夠結合事例，比較清楚地表達自己的觀點，但是句式和語言都不夠豐富。

1. 第①句中短語用法有誤，且錯誤地將fear名詞寫成了fearness，應該是give in to the fear。fight against the sufferings有誤，根據英文提示語此處應改為fight against the fear。綜上，把這一部分改為fight against the fear rather than give in to it更好。

2. 第②處作者較好地使用了倒裝句和非謂語動詞。話題引入自然。

3. 第③處，on that condition使用不當，改為at that moment更為貼切。而且為了句式的豐富建議將這句話改為強調句it was at that moment that my father helped me。

4. 第④處I should make it應改為I should have made it. 這里的意思是“我那時候竟然做到了”。對過去某次行為感到驚訝應為should have done，對現在或一般情況的意外才用should do。

5. 第⑤處也是本文的一個閃光點，不僅恰如其分地點了題，而且很有氣勢。

盡管看起來本文的缺點似乎多于優點，但是因為寫作的目的就是在于用能夠被人理解的話語來傳遞作者的思想。這篇習作很好地完成了題目的要求，且所舉實例也很恰當，由此我們可以判斷這篇習作較好地完成了寫作任務。但因為句式變化不多，也沒有出現較為高級的詞匯和句型，所以得分只能是第四檔中稍低一點的分數。

Life cant be perfect， as suffering is always an unavoidable part of it.

Once upon a time， I was a shy girl and feared mistakes especially in public. At the beginning of my English class， I always kept silent to avoid being laughed at for any mistake， while some “shameless” girls could never be quiet in the class. I sometimes even felt shameful for them. However， with time going by， my English was going from bad to worse， while theirs better and better. When my class master realized this， he came to my assistance and told me， “A man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears. Be brave！” From then on， I began to open my mouth and open my heart to people around me. Believe it or not， my English improved！

Maybe we really need to change our attitude： when you fear， you are already suffering！ So why not be brave and choose to face it！ Surely， you will harvest more！