新加坡的成功故事

公共組屋是國家建設的一部分

作為世界上人口密度最高的國家之一，新加坡成功解決了人民的住房問題。這個奇跡怎么贊美都不為過。

With huge hopes for the future， Singapore began to build the 1）infrastructure worthy of a first-world country. What started as 2）kampongs， or villages， made out of 3）makeshift houses， became high-rise buildings. What was once home for my grandfather and his family was to be transformed. It’s a story millions of Singaporeans share.

My grandfather sold his plot of land in the 1960s and moved into a HDB， or 4）Housing Development Board home， thousands of which were sprouting up all over the island. It was an affordable way for Singaporeans to buy property and raise their standard of living.

Liu Thai Ker （Former CEO， Housing Development Board）： We had a huge task. When we first started in 1960， 1.3 million lived in 5）squatters. We worked very hard to move the squatters into the modern housing， provided with good 6）utilities. We were very clear that the only choice is to build high-rise， highdensity housing.

Gov Ad： Running water at the turn of a tap. And， wonder of wonders—electric light.

The new towers were 7）self-contained， with their own clinics， schools and shops.

Liu Thai Ker： There is a [sic] internal logic in the city， just like in a human being. You must put your lung this way， your stomach this way， your ear this way. There’s a logic for the positioning of this. In a city， it’s the same thing. We actually mixed the applications across all the social-economic data so that they’re all put into the same 8）precincts.

In public housing， it’s not an issue of 9）brick and mortar. It is part of nation-building. It is part of community-building.

（建國后）帶著對未來的宏偉展望，新加坡開始建設可與發達國家比肩的基礎設施。原來的小村莊，也就是馬來語稱之為“甘榜”的居民村，現在已經高樓林立。我爺爺及他家人曾經的家園也將發生變化。這是幾百萬新加坡人共同經歷的變革故事。

上世紀60年代，我爺爺賣掉他的一小塊地，搬進組屋，也就是由政府建屋發展局建造的公共組屋。那個時候，千百棟這類組屋在全島拔地而起。對新加坡人來說，這些組屋經濟實惠，使他們能夠購買房產，提高生活水平。

劉太格（建屋發展局前局長）：我們當時的任務相當繁重。我們在1960年啟動組屋建設時，有130萬人口居住在棚戶區。我們努力工作，讓棚屋居民搬進了設施完善的現代住宅。我們當時很清楚，解決問題的惟一方法就是建設高密度的高層住宅樓。

政府廣告：一擰水龍頭就有自來水，還有奇跡中的奇跡——電燈。

這些新的高層住宅樓有自己的診所、學校和商店，配套設施完備，獨立自足。

劉太格：一個城市有其內在的運作規律，就如一個人體，必須是你的肺在這里，胃在那里，你的耳朵這樣放，它們的位置都是有規律的。一個城市也一樣。實際上，我們還將經濟和社會背景各異的申請人資料都混合在一起，使他們能在同一區域居住。

公共組屋不只是真實存在的居民住宅，它還是國家建設的一部分，是社區建設的一部分。……