李云標
借助句子語境,通常我們可以推斷出與動詞不定式在意義上存在主謂關系的某個詞,我們把它稱為不定式的邏輯主語。動詞不定式的語態(tài),則要根據(jù)它的邏輯主語與不定式動詞的關系來確定。當邏輯主語是不定式的執(zhí)行者時,它們是主動關系,不定式就要用主動語態(tài);當邏輯主語是不定式的承受者時,它們是被動關系,不定式就要用被動語態(tài)。
[邏輯主語]
動詞不定式的邏輯主語,可以是句子的主語、賓語,也可以是句子的其它成分,或者由介詞for/of引出來,有時也有不在句子中出現(xiàn)的情形。為了更好地理解不定式的語態(tài),針對以上各種情形,我們都可以把邏輯主語和動詞不定式轉換為一個完整的句子。
1. 不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語
①Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit.
為了幫助孩子們培養(yǎng)團隊精神,課后將要組織一些集體活動。
轉換 ?Group activities (can) help children develop team spirit.
②To free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
為了擺脫身體和心理的緊張狀態(tài),我們每一個人都需要深思和內(nèi)心的寧靜。
轉換 ?We can free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions.
2. 不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的賓語
①She convinced me to enroll in these classes.
她說服我參加這些班。
轉換 ?I enrolled/would enroll in these classes.
②Harrison Ford is considered as one of the few movie stars to have worked as a carpenter before.
哈里森·福特被認為是為數(shù)不多的曾經(jīng)做過木匠的電影明星之一。
轉換 ?The few movie stars have worked as a carpenter before.
③He did not like his intention to be laughed at.
他不喜歡自己的意圖受到嘲笑。
轉換 ?His intention was laughed at.
3. 不定式的邏輯主語就是被修飾的詞
①The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
在會上做出的決定會影響到我們公司的未來。
轉換 ?The decision will be made at the meeting.
②She may be an ideal person to look after the children.
她可能是照顧孩子們的理想人選。
轉換 ?An ideal person will look after the children.
4. 不定式的邏輯主語由介詞for引出
It is hard for a person to recognize opportunities if he stays in one place.
假如一個人待在原地,就難以意識到機遇。
轉換 ?A person recognizes opportunities.
5. 不定式的邏輯主語由介詞of引出
It is generous of you to have contributed so much.
你捐了這么多錢,真大方。……