秦克瓊
我從十幾年的高三教學中總結出了關于定語從句省略的用法,在應對試題、理解句子中都非常有效和管用。現在我就將自己的方法分享給各位教師和學生,希望能對諸位的教學或學習有所幫助。
定語從句的省略,前提條件是引導詞必須在定語從句中作主語。省略方法有以下兩種。
1.如果定語從句的謂語動詞是系動詞be的某種形式時,直接將引導詞和系動詞be省略
例如原句:The man who/that is in a car(定語從句) is my father.
車里的那個人是我父親。
省略后為:The man in a car(定語從句已省略,此時介詞短語作后置定語) is my father.
例如原句:This is a house which is surrounded with green trees.(定語從句)
這是一間綠樹環繞的房子。
省略后為:This is a house surrounded with green trees. (定語從句已省略)
2.如果定語從句的謂語動詞不是系動詞be時,先將引導詞省略,然后將基本謂語動詞變成現在分詞或過去分詞,若表主動變成現在分詞,表被動變成過去分詞
例如原句:The house which faces to the south(定語從句) is Toms.
面朝南的房子是湯姆的。
省略后為:The house facing to the south(定語從句已省略) is Toms.(注:房子面朝南是主動,所以face變為現在分詞了)
例如原句:At that time those who ruled England(定語從句) were French.
當時統治英國的那些人是法國人。
省略后為:At that time those ruling England(定語從句已省略) were French.(注:人統治英國為主動,所以ruled變為ruling)
例如原句:I went into the room which was crowded with children.(定語從句)
我走進了擠滿小孩的房間。
省略后為:I went into the room crowded with children.(定語從句已省略) (注:房間里被擠滿了小孩,所以基本謂語動詞crowded仍變為crowded.此方法也等同于省略方法1)。
以上用法同樣適用于作后置定語并且表被動的三種情況: done(已經被……)/being done(正在被……)/to be done(要被……)。
例如原句:(1)The trees which have been cut down by the villagers(定語從句) have been carried to Shanghai.
村民砍下來的樹木已經被運往了上海。
省略后為:The trees cut down by the villagers(定語從句已省略) have been carried to Shanghai.
例如原句:The bridge which is being built now(定語從句) will be completed next month.
正在修建的橋下個月將要完工。
省略后為:The bridge being built now(定語從句已省略) will be completed next month.
例如原句:The sports meeting which is to be held next Friday(定語從句) has been put off.
下周星期五要舉行的運動會已經被推遲了。
省略后為:The sports meeting to be held next Friday(定語從句已省略) has been put off.
(責任編輯 黃 曉)endprint