陳慧芳 劉志軍 劉微
[摘要] 目的 探討窄帶成像技術在大腸息肉診斷中的臨床價值。 方法 2010年1月~2013年6月常規結腸鏡發現88例110個直結腸息肉樣病變,應用窄帶及放大內鏡觀察其腺管開口類型,研究其與病理組織學的關系。結果 NBI放大內鏡對結腸腫瘤性病變的診斷符合率為91.8%,敏感性為91.4%,特異性為92.0%,準確性優于普通內鏡,但差異無統計學意義。 結論 應用窄帶及放大內鏡觀察結腸息肉的腺管開口類型,對息肉樣病變的腫瘤性、非腫瘤性可更好地鑒別,接近病理學檢查。
[關鍵詞] 窄帶成像;大腸息肉;臨床應用
[中圖分類號] R735.34 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2014)23-0149-03
[Abstract] Objective To approach the efficacy of narrow-band imaging(NBI) in colonic polyps. Methods All 110 colonic polyps of 88 patients were discovered by conventional colonoscopy from January 2010 to June 2013. The pit pattern were observed by NBI and magnifying endoscope,and analyzed the relation of the pit pattern and histopathology. Results The diagnose accordance rate of NBI and magnifying endoscope in colonic polyps was 91.8%,sensitivity was 91.4%,specificity was 92.0%,accuracy was better than ordinary endoscope, but had no statisticantly different. Conclusion NBI is superior to conventional colonoscopy in differentiation between neoplasm and non-neoplasm by observing the pit pattern.
[Key words] NBI magnifying endoscope;Colonic polyps;Clinical application
結腸鏡檢查可發現大腸癌、大腸腫瘤性息肉及非腫瘤性息肉,而大部分大腸癌由結腸息肉演變而來,結腸鏡下息肉切除術可有效地減少結腸癌死亡率[1]。內鏡窄帶成像技術(narrow band imaging,NBI)的突出優勢在于對消化道黏膜表面細微形態的清晰顯示,可使一些普通內鏡難以發現的病灶突顯出來,有助于提高消化道癌及其癌前病變的檢出率[2]。本文我們對2010年1月~2013年6月發現的結腸息肉應用窄帶及放大技術進行觀察其腺管開口類型(pit pattern),研究其與病理組織學的關系,現總結如下。
1資料與方法
1.1臨床資料
2010年1月~2013年6月常規結腸鏡發現88例110個直結腸息肉樣病變,其中男58例,女30例,年齡24~85歲,平均(56.6±15.12)歲。臨床表現包括便血、腹瀉、腹痛、便秘、消瘦和血癌胚抗原(CEA)升高等。
1.2檢查方法
1.2.1 器械 所有患者均采用Olympus GIF H260Z放大結腸鏡與NBI模式檢查。
1.2.2 術前準備 術前當天4 h口服50%硫酸鎂100 mL及口服補液鹽1000~1500 mL做腸道清潔準備。
1.2.3 評價標準 腺管分型采用工藤Kudo分類方法[3],分為Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢS、ⅢL、Ⅳ及Ⅴ型。將Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型腺管開口判斷為非腫瘤性病變,Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ型腺管開口定義為腫瘤性病變。
1.2.4 病變最終診斷標準 依據病理組織學診斷。
1.3統計學方法
應用SPSS13.0統計學軟件進行數據處理。計數資料采用多組間χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 結腸息肉腺管開口類型與病理組織學的關系
110枚息肉應用NBI放大結腸鏡觀察,按腺管開口類型登記,并活檢送病理組織學檢查(表1、圖1)。
3 討論
結腸癌是一種常見的消化道惡性腫瘤,結腸鏡檢查可以減少結腸癌的死亡率,常規內鏡附加NBI功能可對黏膜表面形態、黏膜微血管的清楚顯像,特別是加上NBI技術對血管的清楚顯像能力,能明顯提高內鏡醫師對腫瘤的早期識別[4]。Ikematsu H等[5]隨機將患者分兩組先后使用NBI結腸鏡及普通結腸鏡檢查比較發現,NBI結腸鏡不能提高腺瘤性息肉的發現率,表明使用NBI技術對患者腸道息肉發現率無明顯改變,所以NBI技術不提倡應用于常規腸鏡檢查,但有助于腸道息肉性質的判定。
病理學將結直腸黏膜息肉樣病變分為腫瘤性和非腫瘤性息肉,以往鑒別息肉需經內鏡活檢行病理學檢查,需要數天才能獲得結果,因此臨床需要能依據內鏡下形態學變化判斷病變性質。上世紀90年代Kudo等[3,6]明確了放大內鏡下大腸黏膜腺管開口的5個分型:Ⅰ型為圓形,常見于正常黏膜;Ⅱ型為星芒狀或乳頭狀開口,較正常腺管開口變大,常見于增生性病變; Ⅲ型分為 L型和 S 型兩個亞型,前者腺管開口呈管狀或類圓形,較正常腺管開口大,常見于腺瘤,多為隆起性病變;后者腺管開口呈管狀或類圓形,較正常腺管開口小,常見于腺瘤或早期結腸癌。Ⅳ型腺管開口呈分支狀、腦回狀或溝回狀,常見于絨毛狀腺瘤;V型分為Ⅰ型和 N型兩個亞型,前者腺管開口排列不規則,大小不均,常見于早期結腸癌;后者腺管開口消失或無結構,多為浸潤癌。將Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型腺管開口判斷為非腫瘤性病變,Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ型腺管開口定義為腫瘤性病變。endprint
本研究結果表明,采用工藤Kudo分類方法進行腺管分型,腺管分型對病變性質的判斷與病理診斷有較高的一致性,準確率達91.8%,能較準確判斷病變的性質,敏感性為91.4%,特異性為92.0%,準確性優于普通腸鏡檢查,與文獻報道相似[7-9],說明NBI對判斷病變是否為腫瘤性病變有很高的準確性、敏感度和特異性,對腫瘤性病變判斷準確率高。同時Wu L等[10]指出NBI結腸鏡通過觀察息肉的血管紋理及黏膜開口對腫瘤性息肉具有很高的準確診斷性。雖然NBI對腫瘤性病變判斷準確率高,但仍不能代替病理檢查,目前染色放大內鏡及共聚焦顯微內鏡對腸道息肉性質的辨認也是研究熱門。Shahid MW等[11]研究指出共聚焦顯微內鏡比NBI內鏡對預測小息肉病理類型有更高的敏感性,但沒有NBI特異性強,聯合應用可提高病理診斷符合率。
NBI操作簡便,在常規內鏡檢查發現病變后,用NBI模式觀察病變表面的腺管結構形態,對于結腸息肉樣病變的腫瘤、非腫瘤,結腸腺瘤及結腸癌的鑒別具有很好的診斷能力,但仍需要更多的研究,尚不能取代病理檢查,聯合多種內鏡檢查技術可提高病理診斷符合率。
[參考文獻]
[1] Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, OBrien MJ,et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths[J]. N Engl J Med,2012,366:687-696.
[2] 高孝忠,褚衍六,喬秀麗,等. 內鏡窄帶成像技術在早期胃癌及異型增生診斷中的應用[J]. 中華消化內鏡雜志,2009,26:134-137.
[3] Kudo S,Tamura S,Nakajima T,et al. Diagnosis of colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,1996,44:8-14.
[4] East JE,Tan EK,Bergman JJ,et al. Meta-analysis:Narrow band imaging for lesion characterization in the colon,oesophagus,duodenal ampulla and lung[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2008,28(7):854.
[5] Ikematsu H,Saito Y,Tanaka S,et al. The impact of narrow band imaging for colon polyp detection:A multicenter randomized controlled trial by tandem colonoscopy[J]. J Gastroenterol,2012,47(10):1099-1107.
[6] Kudo S, Kashida H, Nakajima T,et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer[J]. World J Surg,1997,2l(7):694-701.
[7] Mc Gill SK,Evanqelou E,Loannidis JP,et al. Narrow band imaging to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps in real time:A meta-analysis of diagnostic operating characteristics[J]. Gut,2013,62(12):1704-1713.
[8] Hewett DG,Huffman ME,Rex DK. Leaving distal colorectal hyperplastic polyps in place can be achieved with high accuracy by using narrow-band imaging:An observational study[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,2012,76(2):374-380.
[9] Kato S,Fu KI,Sano Y,et al. Magnifying colonoscopy as a non-biopsy technique for differnerial diagnosis of non-neplastic and neoplastic lesions[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12:1416-1420.
[10] Wu L,Li Y,Li Z,et al. Diagnostic accuracy of narrow-band imaging for the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps:A meta-analysis[J]. Colorectal Dis,2013,15(1):3-11.
[11] Shahid MW,Buchner AM,Heckman MG, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and narrow band imaging for small colorectal polyps:A feasibility study[J]. Am J Gastroenterol,2012, 107(2):231-239.
(收稿日期:2014-04-16)endprint
本研究結果表明,采用工藤Kudo分類方法進行腺管分型,腺管分型對病變性質的判斷與病理診斷有較高的一致性,準確率達91.8%,能較準確判斷病變的性質,敏感性為91.4%,特異性為92.0%,準確性優于普通腸鏡檢查,與文獻報道相似[7-9],說明NBI對判斷病變是否為腫瘤性病變有很高的準確性、敏感度和特異性,對腫瘤性病變判斷準確率高。同時Wu L等[10]指出NBI結腸鏡通過觀察息肉的血管紋理及黏膜開口對腫瘤性息肉具有很高的準確診斷性。雖然NBI對腫瘤性病變判斷準確率高,但仍不能代替病理檢查,目前染色放大內鏡及共聚焦顯微內鏡對腸道息肉性質的辨認也是研究熱門。Shahid MW等[11]研究指出共聚焦顯微內鏡比NBI內鏡對預測小息肉病理類型有更高的敏感性,但沒有NBI特異性強,聯合應用可提高病理診斷符合率。
NBI操作簡便,在常規內鏡檢查發現病變后,用NBI模式觀察病變表面的腺管結構形態,對于結腸息肉樣病變的腫瘤、非腫瘤,結腸腺瘤及結腸癌的鑒別具有很好的診斷能力,但仍需要更多的研究,尚不能取代病理檢查,聯合多種內鏡檢查技術可提高病理診斷符合率。
[參考文獻]
[1] Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, OBrien MJ,et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths[J]. N Engl J Med,2012,366:687-696.
[2] 高孝忠,褚衍六,喬秀麗,等. 內鏡窄帶成像技術在早期胃癌及異型增生診斷中的應用[J]. 中華消化內鏡雜志,2009,26:134-137.
[3] Kudo S,Tamura S,Nakajima T,et al. Diagnosis of colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,1996,44:8-14.
[4] East JE,Tan EK,Bergman JJ,et al. Meta-analysis:Narrow band imaging for lesion characterization in the colon,oesophagus,duodenal ampulla and lung[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2008,28(7):854.
[5] Ikematsu H,Saito Y,Tanaka S,et al. The impact of narrow band imaging for colon polyp detection:A multicenter randomized controlled trial by tandem colonoscopy[J]. J Gastroenterol,2012,47(10):1099-1107.
[6] Kudo S, Kashida H, Nakajima T,et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer[J]. World J Surg,1997,2l(7):694-701.
[7] Mc Gill SK,Evanqelou E,Loannidis JP,et al. Narrow band imaging to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps in real time:A meta-analysis of diagnostic operating characteristics[J]. Gut,2013,62(12):1704-1713.
[8] Hewett DG,Huffman ME,Rex DK. Leaving distal colorectal hyperplastic polyps in place can be achieved with high accuracy by using narrow-band imaging:An observational study[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,2012,76(2):374-380.
[9] Kato S,Fu KI,Sano Y,et al. Magnifying colonoscopy as a non-biopsy technique for differnerial diagnosis of non-neplastic and neoplastic lesions[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12:1416-1420.
[10] Wu L,Li Y,Li Z,et al. Diagnostic accuracy of narrow-band imaging for the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps:A meta-analysis[J]. Colorectal Dis,2013,15(1):3-11.
[11] Shahid MW,Buchner AM,Heckman MG, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and narrow band imaging for small colorectal polyps:A feasibility study[J]. Am J Gastroenterol,2012, 107(2):231-239.
(收稿日期:2014-04-16)endprint
本研究結果表明,采用工藤Kudo分類方法進行腺管分型,腺管分型對病變性質的判斷與病理診斷有較高的一致性,準確率達91.8%,能較準確判斷病變的性質,敏感性為91.4%,特異性為92.0%,準確性優于普通腸鏡檢查,與文獻報道相似[7-9],說明NBI對判斷病變是否為腫瘤性病變有很高的準確性、敏感度和特異性,對腫瘤性病變判斷準確率高。同時Wu L等[10]指出NBI結腸鏡通過觀察息肉的血管紋理及黏膜開口對腫瘤性息肉具有很高的準確診斷性。雖然NBI對腫瘤性病變判斷準確率高,但仍不能代替病理檢查,目前染色放大內鏡及共聚焦顯微內鏡對腸道息肉性質的辨認也是研究熱門。Shahid MW等[11]研究指出共聚焦顯微內鏡比NBI內鏡對預測小息肉病理類型有更高的敏感性,但沒有NBI特異性強,聯合應用可提高病理診斷符合率。
NBI操作簡便,在常規內鏡檢查發現病變后,用NBI模式觀察病變表面的腺管結構形態,對于結腸息肉樣病變的腫瘤、非腫瘤,結腸腺瘤及結腸癌的鑒別具有很好的診斷能力,但仍需要更多的研究,尚不能取代病理檢查,聯合多種內鏡檢查技術可提高病理診斷符合率。
[參考文獻]
[1] Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, OBrien MJ,et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths[J]. N Engl J Med,2012,366:687-696.
[2] 高孝忠,褚衍六,喬秀麗,等. 內鏡窄帶成像技術在早期胃癌及異型增生診斷中的應用[J]. 中華消化內鏡雜志,2009,26:134-137.
[3] Kudo S,Tamura S,Nakajima T,et al. Diagnosis of colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,1996,44:8-14.
[4] East JE,Tan EK,Bergman JJ,et al. Meta-analysis:Narrow band imaging for lesion characterization in the colon,oesophagus,duodenal ampulla and lung[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2008,28(7):854.
[5] Ikematsu H,Saito Y,Tanaka S,et al. The impact of narrow band imaging for colon polyp detection:A multicenter randomized controlled trial by tandem colonoscopy[J]. J Gastroenterol,2012,47(10):1099-1107.
[6] Kudo S, Kashida H, Nakajima T,et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer[J]. World J Surg,1997,2l(7):694-701.
[7] Mc Gill SK,Evanqelou E,Loannidis JP,et al. Narrow band imaging to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps in real time:A meta-analysis of diagnostic operating characteristics[J]. Gut,2013,62(12):1704-1713.
[8] Hewett DG,Huffman ME,Rex DK. Leaving distal colorectal hyperplastic polyps in place can be achieved with high accuracy by using narrow-band imaging:An observational study[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,2012,76(2):374-380.
[9] Kato S,Fu KI,Sano Y,et al. Magnifying colonoscopy as a non-biopsy technique for differnerial diagnosis of non-neplastic and neoplastic lesions[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12:1416-1420.
[10] Wu L,Li Y,Li Z,et al. Diagnostic accuracy of narrow-band imaging for the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps:A meta-analysis[J]. Colorectal Dis,2013,15(1):3-11.
[11] Shahid MW,Buchner AM,Heckman MG, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and narrow band imaging for small colorectal polyps:A feasibility study[J]. Am J Gastroenterol,2012, 107(2):231-239.
(收稿日期:2014-04-16)endprint