基于橋梁健康監(jiān)測的傳感器優(yōu)化布置研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢

梁鵬+李斌+王曉光+吳向男+陳文強(qiáng)

建筑科學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)2014年文章編號：16732049(2014)01012010

收稿日期：20130912

基金項(xiàng)目：廣東省交通運(yùn)輸廳科技計(jì)劃重大工程專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目（201101001）；中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目（CHD2012JC077）；

長安大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究支持計(jì)劃專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目

作者簡介：梁鵬（1977），男，江西高安人，教授，工學(xué)博士

摘要：從傳感器監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目優(yōu)化、數(shù)量優(yōu)化和位置優(yōu)化3個(gè)方面綜述傳感器優(yōu)化布置的研究現(xiàn)狀。重點(diǎn)探討傳感器位置優(yōu)化，系統(tǒng)介紹了基于模態(tài)可觀測性和基于損傷可識別性的傳感器優(yōu)化布置準(zhǔn)則、布置方法和布置評價(jià)準(zhǔn)則，對比分析各種布置方法之間的脈絡(luò)關(guān)系、技術(shù)演變及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，最后指出傳感器優(yōu)化布置研究存在的幾點(diǎn)不足及其技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢。

關(guān)鍵詞：橋梁工程；健康監(jiān)測；傳感器優(yōu)化布置；模態(tài)保證準(zhǔn)則；有效獨(dú)立法

中圖分類號：U445.71文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A

Research Status and Development Trend of Optimal Sensor

Placement Based on Bridge Health MonitoringLIANG Peng1,2, LI Bin1,3, WANG Xiaoguang1, WU Xiangnan1, CHEN Wenqiang1

（1. School of Highway, Changan University, Xian 710064, Shaanxi, China; 2. National Engineering

Laboratory for Bridge Structure Safety Technology, Changan University, Xian 710064,

Shaanxi, China; 3. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd, Beijing 100027, China）Abstract: By monitoring items, the number of optimization and location optimization from three aspects of the optimal sensor placement, the research status of optimal sensor placement was summarized. The sensor location optimization was emphatically discussed based on modal observability and the injury identifiable criterion, and the sensor placement rule, layout methods and evaluation criteria were systematically introduced. Meanwhile, the relations of different layout methods and technology evolutions were compared, and the advantages and disadvantages were also analyzed. Finally, the deficiencies of methods of the optimal sensor placement were pointed out, the technology trends of optimal sensor placement were prospected.

Key words: bridge engineering; health monitoring; optimal sensor placement; modal assurance criterion; effective independence

0引言

在橋梁健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中，傳感器系統(tǒng)是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的“眼睛”。通過傳感器系統(tǒng)，橋梁健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)時(shí)地對結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測，為后續(xù)工作打下基礎(chǔ)［1］。傳感器系統(tǒng)的主要任務(wù)包括實(shí)時(shí)采集結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)營環(huán)境、結(jié)構(gòu)承受的荷載以及結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力特性3個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容，其中結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力特性的測量主要包括外部激勵(lì)的選取和布置、傳感器的選取及配置、結(jié)構(gòu)在線試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集等幾個(gè)主要的環(huán)節(jié)。如果這幾個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)處理不當(dāng)，將直接影響到后期的數(shù)據(jù)處理和損傷檢測的可靠程度。因而傳感器優(yōu)化布置作為設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵問題之一，對數(shù)據(jù)采集的有效性有著至關(guān)重要的影響?！?br>