厚鋼板對接焊接三維有限元數值模擬與分析

郭彥林+陳航+袁星

建筑科學與工程學報2014年文章編號：16732049(2014)01009008

收稿日期：20131116

基金項目：清華大學自主科研計劃杰出貢獻專項項目（2012Z10134）

作者簡介：郭彥林（1958），男，陜西富平人，教授，博士研究生導師，工學博士

摘要：采用有限元數值模擬方法，建立考慮熱固耦合效應的鋼板對接焊接的三維有限元模型，運用生死單元技術模擬焊接全過程，從焊接殘余變形和殘余應力的角度，驗證了分析模型的有效性，并分析了板件邊界約束、焊接層數與道數、板件厚度、焊接順序以及施工工藝對計算結果的影響。探討了簡化計算的可能性與正確性，并考慮了保溫和設置支撐等施工工藝對焊接施工的影響。研究成果可為設計與施工提供一定的參考。

關鍵詞：厚鋼板；對接焊接；熱結構耦合；殘余應力；殘余變形；有限元；數值模擬

中圖分類號：TU758文獻標志碼：A

3D Finite Element Numerical Simulation and Analysis on Butt

Welding of Thick Steel PlateGUO Yanlin, CHEN Hang, YUAN Xing

（Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China）Abstract: Finite element numerical simulation was adopted to erect 3D finite element model, considering heatsolid coupling effect. Meanwhile, livedead element technology was applied to simulate the whole welding process. The effectiveness of the model was verified in the aspects of residual deformation and residual stress. The influences of plate boundary constraint, welding layer and pass, plate thickness, welding sequence and construction process on the behavior of steel plates on calculation results were analyzed. The possibility and correctness of simplified calculation were discussed. The influences of construction techniques such as heat preservation and support setting on welding were considered. The conclusions can provide some references to welding design and construction.

Key words: thick steel plate; butt welding; thermalstructural coupling; residual stress; residual deformation; finite element; numerical simulation

0引言

目前，隨著高層結構的發展，鋼板剪力墻、巨形鋼結構柱和復雜鋼結構節點的使用越來越多。在鋼結構施工過程中，焊接產生的殘余應力和殘余變形如果得不到有效的控制，會對結構的受力和外觀產生很大的影響。

焊接過程的物理現象非常復雜，是一個涉及高溫電弧物理、傳熱、冶金和力學的復雜過程［1］。焊接產生的殘余應力與殘余變形之間存在相互的協調，如殘余變形得到了釋放，則殘余應力變小；反之，殘余變形被約束，殘余應力就變大。目前獲取焊接殘余應力和殘余變形的方法主要有試驗測量法和數值模擬法。……