定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)講解

一、從整體看

1.定義：在主從復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。

2.位置：通常在先行詞之后。

3.引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系詞。

4.關(guān)系詞的作用：代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分。

5.種類：限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

二、從局部看

1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只需掌握兩點(diǎn)：

（1）有逗號(hào)的為非限制性，無(wú)逗號(hào)的為限制性。

（2）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞不能用that（通俗地說就是逗號(hào)后不用that）。

2.關(guān)于關(guān)系詞及其成分。

關(guān)系代詞：

指人：that（主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)），who（主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)），whom（賓語(yǔ)），whose（定語(yǔ)）

指物：that（主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)），which（主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)），whose（定語(yǔ)）

關(guān)系副詞：when（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），where（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)），why（原因狀語(yǔ)）

3.關(guān)于關(guān)系詞的選擇。

（1）看定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是否齊全，齊全用關(guān)系副詞，用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。

e.g.I will never forget the days when I stayed with you.

Do you remember the lake where you first met your girlfriend？

Please give me the reason why you made such great progress.

（2）若定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，先確定從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否及物，如是用關(guān)系代詞，不是用關(guān)系副詞。

e.g.Yesterday we went to visit the house where the great writer used to live.

The house that/which they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.

（3）若定語(yǔ)從句是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，只需找主語(yǔ)即可，有主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞，反之用關(guān)系代詞。

e.g.October1st is the day when new China was founded.

The meeting which/that will be held next week is very important.

4.關(guān)于介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

（1）注意介詞后只能用which，whom，whose（不常見）。

（2）選擇介詞時(shí)注意固定搭配和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

e.g.This is the book from which I learned a lot.

I still remember the year in which I joined the army.

（3）whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom或of which/whom+the+n.

e.g.They live in the house whose windows face south.

=They live in the house the windows of which face south.

（4）關(guān)系副詞可用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+關(guān)系代詞來替代。

when=in/on/at...+which， where=in/on/at...+which，why=for+which

e.g.I won’t forget the date when（ on which） I was born.

This is the room where （in which） I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.

（注：介詞的位置可以變動(dòng)，關(guān)系代詞前或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后）

5.關(guān)于as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

（1）限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)the same...as， so/such...as

e.g. He is so good a teacher as everyone likes.

注意區(qū)分：

He is so good a teacher that everyone likes him. （不缺成分，故用that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

（2）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分，可以放在句首、句中或句末，常用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，譯為“正如”。

As is known to all， As was expected， As we can see...

6.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與單句的比較（注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)）

e.g. He failed in the exam. It made his parents angry.

He failed in the exam，which made his parents angry.

7.定語(yǔ)從句中只用that不用which的情況

（1）先行詞為all，everything，something，anything，nothing，few， little， much或先行詞被all，every，any，no，little，much等修飾時(shí)

e.g.All that should be done has been done.

You can take any book that you like.

（2）先行詞為最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞或先行詞被最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞，the only， the very， the right等修飾時(shí)

e.g.It is the very watch that I lost yesterday.

（3）先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)

e.g.They talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school.

（4）主句是以which，who等開頭的疑問句時(shí)

e.g. Which is the bike that you lost？

編輯 王團(tuán)蘭