摘 要:通過多點田間施用氮磷鉀肥對比試驗,研究分析了在蕪湖縣主要水稻土屬田塊進行配方施肥和常規施肥對水稻產量以及肥料利用率的影響。結果表明,與常規施肥相比,配方施肥可提高有效穗數等水稻經濟性狀指標,進而顯著提高了水稻產量(平均增產14.9kg/667m2、增幅達2.5%)。同時配方施肥提高了水稻對當季肥料氮、磷、鉀的利用率,尤其是氮磷元素利用率達顯著水平,分別提高了1.89和1.88個百分點;進而顯著提高了農民的經濟效益(純收入增幅為4.6%)。由此可見,配方施肥為水稻科學施肥提供了依據,為農業增產、農民增收奠定了基礎。
關鍵詞:水稻;配方施肥;效果;肥料利用率;蕪湖縣
中圖分類號 S511;S147.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2013)15-33-04
Analysis of Rice Fertilization Effect and Fertilizer Use Efficiency
Zhang Xianzheng et al.
(Wuhu County Soil and Fertilizer Station,Wuhu 241100,China)
Abstract:In this paper,through multiple field of N P K comparison test,the effect of formulated fertilizer and conventional fertilizer on rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency were analyzed in the main paddy soil of Wuhu county.The results showed that:compared with the conventional fertilization,formulated fertilization could improve indicators of economic traits in rice such as number of effective panicles,1000-grain weight,and then significantly increased rice yield(increased by 14.9kg/667m2,an increase of 2.5%). At the same time it could improve seasonal utilization rate of fertilizer of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium of rice,especially nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate reached significant level,respectively 1.89 and 1.88 percentage points;further improving the economic benefit of farmers(net income increase of 4.6%). The results could provide the basis for scientific fertilization of rice,and guarantee for farmers to increase production
Key words:Rice;Fertilization;Effect;Fertilizer use efficiency;Wuhu County
蕪湖縣是安徽省“八五”和“十五”商品糧生產基地縣,水稻是該縣大田主栽作物之一,水稻產量的高低不僅關系到糧食安全,更直接影響農民的收入。合理施肥是提高水稻產量的重要措施之一,在水稻增產、農民增收、農業增效上發揮著重要的作用。但是,當前水稻生產中由于施肥不科學,主要表現為氮肥用量偏高、氮磷鉀比例不合理等[1],造成水稻倒伏、結實率和肥料利用率低,這是水稻產量進一步提高的主要限制因子[2]。實踐證明,配方施肥可以有效地克服不合理施肥帶來的負面影響。為摸清水稻測土配方施肥和常規施肥的氮、磷、鉀肥料利用率及經濟產量情況,2012年在蕪湖縣六郎鎮中心村布點進行田間對比試驗,為水稻合理施肥提供科學依據。……