粳稻9522中脈白化突變體的生物學特性

摘 要：為揭示所獲葉色突變體的特征特性，對上海交通大學通過60Coγ-射線輻射誘變獲得的粳稻9522中脈白化突變體及野生型進行生物學特性的比較觀察，以期為后續的研究提供理論基礎和應用指導。結果表明，突變體葉色表現為中脈白化。突變體與野生型的生育時期、主莖總葉片數及葉齡動態均無明顯差異。突變體形態農藝性狀表現較明顯的負效應的是倒4葉夾角>倒2葉夾角>有效穗數>株高，正效應的是綠葉總面積>主莖綠葉數>倒4葉面積>劍葉面積。突變體產量性狀表現較明顯的負效應的是空粒數>二次枝梗數≈單株產量>穗頸粗>總粒數>結實率，正效應的是一次枝梗數。

關鍵詞：粳稻9522；野生型；中脈白化；突變體；生物學特性

中圖分類號 S511 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731（2013）15-13-04

The Biological Characteristics of White Midrib Mutant Derived from Japonica Rice 9522

Gong Jianming1 et al.

（1 Agricultural Bureau of Hengfeng County，Hengfeng 334300，China）

Abstract：Comparative observations of biological characteristics between japonica rice 9522（wild type）and white midrib mutant derived from japonica rice 9522 with 60Co γ-ray radiation induction by Shanghai Jiao Tong University were conducted in order to reveal their characteristics to provide theoretical basis and application gudiement for the future researches. The results showed that midrib color of mutant leaf was white. The differences of growth stage，total leaves in main stem and leaf age dynamics between mutant and wild type weren’t obvious. Comparing with wild type，the obviously negative effects of morphological and agronomic traits in mutant were the order of reciprocal 4th leaf angle>reciprocal 2th leaf angle>effective panicles>plant height，the greatly positive effects were the rank of total areas of green leaves>total leaves in main stem>reciprocal 4th leaf area>flag leaf area；the markedly negative effects of yield traits in mutant were the order of empty grains>the second branches of panicle≈yield per plant>the width of panicle neck>total grains>seed-setting rate，the positive effects was the first branches of panicle.

Key words：Japonica rice 9522；Wild-type；White midrib；Mutant；Biological characteristics

水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是一種重要的糧食作物，由于它具有較小的基因組（430Mb）并建立了比較完善的轉化系統及與其他禾本科植物較好的共線性，使其成為研究植物功能基因的一種重要的單子葉模式生物[1]。葉綠體是植物進行光合作用的場所，屬于半自主型細胞器，在高等植物中，葉綠體由前質體發育而來。葉綠體除了參與光合作用外，還參與了氨基酸、脂肪酸、植物生長物質、核苷酸、維生素等的生物合成[2]。葉綠體的正常發育需要葉綠體基因和相關核基因的相互協調，這些基因的突變都將可能導致葉綠體發育的缺陷，并由此導致植物葉片表現出白色斑點。李娜等[3]通過研究發現，白斑部位細胞的內質體不能正常發育，表明這些突變基因可能參與了葉綠體的發育調控。……