以文脈設(shè)計(jì)理念為主線的教學(xué)體系探索

李建東 宋亞亭

摘 要：城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)快速推進(jìn)的背景下，建筑與環(huán)境的關(guān)系問題被凸顯，建筑學(xué)教育中基于城市視角的觀念培養(yǎng)變得尤為必要。本文結(jié)合現(xiàn)狀教學(xué)中城市設(shè)計(jì)和建筑設(shè)計(jì)課程相互獨(dú)立設(shè)置所產(chǎn)生的問題，提出以文脈設(shè)計(jì)理念為主線將兩者進(jìn)行融合的教學(xué)新體系，使學(xué)生能夠更加深刻地理解建筑與城市等環(huán)境的關(guān)系。新教學(xué)架構(gòu)從價(jià)值觀的樹立、思維方式的調(diào)整、設(shè)計(jì)方法的加強(qiáng)和綜合能力的培養(yǎng)等方面闡述了培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)，并對(duì)相應(yīng)的教學(xué)方法實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)論述。

關(guān)鍵詞：文脈設(shè)計(jì)；城市設(shè)計(jì)；建筑設(shè)計(jì)；教學(xué)

Abstract：In the context of the rapid advance of urban and rural construction ， the relationship between architecture and the environment are prominent， architectural education based on the concept of culture of the urban perspective becomes especially necessary. Combining with the status quo of independent setting problem of urban design and architectural design in teaching course ， this paper put forward context design idea as the main line to incorporate both for new teaching system， so that the students can more deeply understand the relationship between architecture and urban environment. The new teaching method elaborates the training focus from the set of values， the adjustment of the way of thinking， the reinforcement of design method and the cultivation of comprehensive ability. The corresponding methods of teaching practice is also discussed in detail.

Keywords：context design；urban design；architectural design；teaching

中圖分類號(hào)：TU206

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號(hào)：1008-0422（2013）08-0054-02

1 建筑學(xué)教育中基于城市視角的觀念培養(yǎng)的必要性

1.1現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)展對(duì)專業(yè)教育提出的要求

一個(gè)學(xué)科的發(fā)展往往是在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)大發(fā)展的背景下展開的，隨著城鎮(zhèn)化的不斷深入推進(jìn)，城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境發(fā)生著急劇的變化，建筑作為快速發(fā)展時(shí)期被大量建造的實(shí)體，不再只意味著建筑本身。大量“獨(dú)自跳舞”的建筑在各地不斷涌現(xiàn)，建筑與其所在的城鄉(xiāng)整體環(huán)境、歷史文化背景的緊張關(guān)系越來(lái)越多地被呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，并被公眾所關(guān)注。基于城市視角來(lái)對(duì)待建筑本應(yīng)是建筑學(xué)專業(yè)所應(yīng)有的觀念，但在中國(guó)快速發(fā)展的環(huán)境中，常常被忽略或被誤讀。學(xué)科所面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題勢(shì)必對(duì)相應(yīng)的專業(yè)教育提出要求，因?yàn)橹挥性诖髮W(xué)本科的入門教育中重視了這些問題，基于城市視角的建筑觀念才能提早養(yǎng)成，從而影響大量的建筑實(shí)踐。……