王崇杰 劉薇薇



摘 要:中小學是基礎教育的重要組成部分。隨著我國經濟社會的飛速發展和人口的增長,中小學的規模與日劇增。但無論是新建的中小學建筑還是改、擴建項目,目的都旨在為下一代提供更加健康、舒適、高效的使用空間。這一發展趨勢與綠色建筑的內涵不謀而合。20世紀90年代,世界范圍內掀起了“綠色學校”的運動,瑞典有綠色學校、澳洲有可持續發展學校、英國有生態學校、美國有健康學校。通過10多年的發展,在全球范圍內已經有了相對成熟的評價標準,技術手段和運營策略。在我國,教育類建筑的可持續發展逐漸受到重視。論文通過梳理國內外的發展狀況,分析評估標準和設計要素,試圖探尋一條適合我國國情的中小學可持續發展道路。
關鍵詞:綠色建筑;可持續發展;中小學建筑
Abstract:School design plays an important role in education system. Accompany with the rapid growth of economy and social development as well as boost population in China, dimension of school gradually expanded. Since either new construction or refurbishment of school projects are aims to provide healthy, comfort, high-performance learning space for next generation which coincides with the meaning of sustainability, therefore it make sense to study how can a sustainable school can be designed. In 1990,‘Green school movement expanded within global range, many countries has started their own sustainable school program, such as‘Green school in Sweden, ‘Sustainable school in Australia, ‘Eco-school in UK and‘Healthy school in US. Through decade of development, these countries have managed adequate assessment method, technical approach and operation strategy. In China, policy makers and relevant department are gradually aware of the importance of sustainable school. The report seeks to offer suggestions in improve the school design in China within sustainable scope.
Keywords:sustainable building design;sustainable development;school design
中圖分類號:TU984.14
文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1008-0422(2013)08-0050-04
1 前言
我國現存有280000所小學,85000所中學,涉及建筑面積1.388萬億m2。而這些建筑人均消耗的能源是普通人均能耗的4倍,消耗的水資源是普通人均耗水量的兩倍。如果以現有的建設模式發展下去,將導致電力、能源、水資源的浪費,同時建設、運營中帶來的垃圾和二氧化碳會給周邊環境帶來巨大負擔。相反,綠色中小學能提供更健康的學習環境,可以達到提高學生到課率、促進學習成績的目的。美國Heschong Mahone集團曾對此做過系統調研。研究發現,噪音和室內采光更好的學校能使學生的測試成績提升7至20個百分點,通過通風方式的改進,學生的缺勤率下降了60%。……