摘 要: 相控陣技術的突出優點包括實現靈活聚焦和激發孔徑的自由選擇。相控陣技術在實際檢測過程中聚焦深度一般會固定但是其聚焦深度與激發孔徑的大小(即激發晶片數目的多少)之間具有復雜的相互關聯和制約關系。因此基于相控陣聲束形成及聚焦的原理,采用32陣元線型陣列換能器,通過實驗方式研究了聚焦深度為10~50 mm時激發孔徑的最佳范圍。研究結果希望會對今后的相控陣檢測起到重要的參考價值。
關鍵詞: 相控陣技術; 聚焦深度; 激發孔徑; 線型陣列換能器; 聲束
中圖分類號: TN911?34 文獻標識碼: A 文章編號: 1004?373X(2013)24?0020?02
Optimization for acoustic beam focal depth and excitation aperture of phased array
YU da1, QI xiang?qian2, SUN Ya?juan2, ZHENG Yu2
(1. Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300384, China; 2. Tianjin Chengxinda Metal Detector Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300384, China)
Abstract:The advantages of phased array technology include flexible focus and free choice of excitation aperture. The focus depth of phased array technology is generally fixed in the actual testing process. However, the inbetween of focal depth and excitation aperture size exists a complex correlative and restrictive relation. Based on the phased array acoustic beam forming and focusing principle, when the focal depth was 10~50 mm, the optimal excitation range of the aperture was experimentally studied by means of 32 array elements linear array transducer. It is hoped that the result can play an important role in the future inspection of phased arrays.
Keyword: phased array technology; focal depth; excitation aperture; linear array transducer; acoustic beam
相控陣探頭的聲場理論是超聲相控陣檢測的基礎[1]。在計算一個有限尺寸的陣列探頭發射的聲場時,可以按照惠更斯原理(行進中的波陣面上任一點都可看作是新的次波源,而從波陣面上各點發出的許多次波所形成的包絡面,就是原波面在一定時間內所傳播到的新波面)進行分析[1]。
1 激發孔徑對相控陣聲束的影響
矩形平面陣及其計算坐標[2]如圖1所示。
由于激發孔徑的大小直接取決于激發晶片的數目,因此在以后的討論中只討論激發晶片的數目。設有N 個矩形條換能器組成的均勻線陣,陣元長 b,寬 a,間距 d,當各個陣元以同頻率做等振幅振動時,其輻射聲壓為[3]:[P(x,y,z)=jρ0c0uaθjωtλ-b2b2dx1N-1N(n-1)dn-1dθ-j(kr+an)rdy1] (1)
式中:[r=(x-x2)2+(y-y2)2+z2。]
由上式可得出,當a,b,d等其他參數固定后,聲壓會隨著N值的增大而增大。對于聲壓的指向性可以根據乘積定理求出。因此對于N個線源組成的均勻線陣,假設……