999精品在线视频,手机成人午夜在线视频,久久不卡国产精品无码,中日无码在线观看,成人av手机在线观看,日韩精品亚洲一区中文字幕,亚洲av无码人妻,四虎国产在线观看 ?

他山之石,可以攻玉

2013-01-01 00:00:00鄭繼嶺
考試周刊 2013年2期

1.引言

蘇霍姆林斯基在《給教師的建議》一書(shū)中提出:“如果教師不想方設(shè)法法使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生情緒高昂和智力振奮的內(nèi)心狀態(tài)就急于傳播知識(shí),那么這種知識(shí)只能使人產(chǎn)生冷漠的態(tài)度;而不動(dòng)情感的腦力勞動(dòng)就會(huì)帶來(lái)疲倦。沒(méi)有歡欣鼓舞的心情,學(xué)習(xí)就會(huì)成為學(xué)生沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)?!?/p>

較之高一高二,高三復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間緊,任務(wù)重,學(xué)生壓力大,如何才能從學(xué)生的興趣和已有水平出發(fā),精心設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課程是很多一線(xiàn)教師正在思索的問(wèn)題。筆者擬從兩節(jié)同課異構(gòu)語(yǔ)法課分析高三語(yǔ)法教學(xué)。

2.同課異構(gòu)的課例分析

2.1同課異構(gòu)定義。

“同課異構(gòu)”是指相同的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,由兩位或兩位以上的教師根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際和對(duì)教材的不同理解,設(shè)計(jì)不同的教學(xué)方案,分別在平行班級(jí)上課。同課異構(gòu)活動(dòng)是探索高效課堂教學(xué)模式的重要途徑,由于教師不同,因此對(duì)同一教學(xué)內(nèi)容采用不同處理方式、不同教學(xué)策略,會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的教學(xué)效果,對(duì)比教師的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,有利于教學(xué)質(zhì)量提高。

2.2高三語(yǔ)法教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀。

在高三英語(yǔ)課堂復(fù)習(xí)中,語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)既是重點(diǎn)又是難點(diǎn)。比較常見(jiàn)的做法是教師先把某項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的相關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)地呈獻(xiàn)給學(xué)生,然后舉例說(shuō)明,接著讓學(xué)生死記硬背,最后做大量的選擇題加以鞏固,這種做法導(dǎo)致學(xué)生接觸語(yǔ)法時(shí)完全脫離語(yǔ)境。語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)好的學(xué)生沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法規(guī)則進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng);而語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)較為薄弱的學(xué)生沒(méi)有時(shí)間和機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則進(jìn)行理解和加工,更無(wú)法把語(yǔ)法規(guī)則內(nèi)化成自己的知識(shí),因而復(fù)習(xí)后仍不能掌握語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。同時(shí),由于復(fù)習(xí)方法單一,語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)形式與意義分離,課堂效率隨之低下,課堂氣氛沉悶,學(xué)生感到乏味。

針對(duì)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課中存在的問(wèn)題,下面通過(guò)分析和對(duì)比兩節(jié)高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課,探討如何進(jìn)行有效的高三語(yǔ)法教學(xué)。

2.3教學(xué)案例和學(xué)情分析。

2.3.1教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析

教學(xué)內(nèi)容是復(fù)習(xí)高二學(xué)過(guò)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,基于學(xué)生的知識(shí)水平和接受能力,這一課時(shí)要求學(xué)生掌握以下內(nèi)容:不定式用法;動(dòng)名詞用法;分詞用法。

2.3.2學(xué)情分析

上課的兩個(gè)班級(jí)是高三年級(jí)中的同一組合班級(jí),人數(shù)大約50人,英語(yǔ)水平基本一致,均存在一定程度的兩極分化,兩個(gè)班級(jí)英語(yǔ)成績(jī)相當(dāng)。

兩位授課教師均為高三的任課教師,第一位教師(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“教師A”)教齡21年,第二位教師(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“教師B”)教齡11年。兩位教師的教學(xué)風(fēng)格各有千秋,其中教師A的教學(xué)風(fēng)格比較傳統(tǒng),教師B能比較大膽嘗試創(chuàng)新。

2.3.3兩個(gè)教學(xué)案例描述

[教學(xué)案例1]

Step one:Lead in

教師A呈現(xiàn)了三個(gè)不同的非謂語(yǔ)句型,讓學(xué)生分別出屬于哪一種非謂語(yǔ),從而引出話(huà)題——什么是非謂語(yǔ),它包括哪些類(lèi)型。

Step two:Explanation

教師A先用表格的形式列舉了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中分別充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,以及非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。然后教師A分別列舉非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要考點(diǎn)。

考點(diǎn)一:分詞、不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法,教師A用下列句子填空的形式總結(jié)了四個(gè)重要的用法。

(1)At that moment I saw him (cross) the road

(2)He went away without saying anything, (leave) us ( stand)outside.

(3)The teacher asked us (not make)so much noise.

(4)He is thought (invent)the first telephone in the world.

考點(diǎn)二:不定式、分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法,教師A在講解這一要點(diǎn)時(shí),先在黑板上呈現(xiàn)了以下句子,然后讓學(xué)生改錯(cuò),再對(duì)這一考點(diǎn)做一個(gè)總結(jié)。

(1)The Browns have a comfortable house to live.

(2)“Sir,have you got anything to type today?”“Yes,a pile of documents over there.”

(3)He was the best man doing the job.

(4)Things losing never come again.

(5)The question discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.

考點(diǎn)三:不定式、動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的用法,在分析這一要點(diǎn)時(shí),教師A首先直接列舉了只能用不定式或者只能用動(dòng)名詞,以及既可以跟不定式,又可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。

只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:decide,learn,want,refuse,pretend...

只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:consider,suggest,look forward to,excuse...

兩者都可以用的動(dòng)詞:forget、remember,stop,try,go on...

考點(diǎn)四:不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法,在不定式作狀語(yǔ)中,教師A列舉了下列句子讓學(xué)生分析不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的不同用法。

(1)Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.

(2)He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.

(3)My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.

(4)To look at him,you would like him.

(5)I am very glad to see you.

(6)He is old enough to go to school.

在分詞作狀語(yǔ)中,教師A分四個(gè)板塊講述,分別是:分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其形式的選擇、分詞做狀語(yǔ)的基本原則、分詞做狀語(yǔ)的句法功能、獨(dú)立成分做狀語(yǔ)。

Step three:Consolidation

教師A在分析完后所有講解后,用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的歷年高考題作為鞏固材料,要求學(xué)生當(dāng)堂完成,然后點(diǎn)評(píng)分析。

[教學(xué)案例2]

Step one:Lead in

教師B給學(xué)生展示了兩組句子,分別是江蘇2011年高考中的考試中學(xué)生作文中的對(duì)比句子。

對(duì)比1:①Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work,the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder.

②After she know her mother is very tired,the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder.

對(duì)比2:①...totally engaged in my own study,I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels,and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return.

② I am busy with my study so I pay little attention to my mother’s needs and feeling.

Step two:Experience

教師B給學(xué)生展示了三篇模塊5中的語(yǔ)篇,分別讓學(xué)生辨別動(dòng)名詞、不定式、分詞在語(yǔ)篇中的運(yùn)用,以及它們所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>

語(yǔ)篇(1):

Dear Laura,

I want to thank you for your last letter.I was very happy when I saw it in my mailbox.I’m so glad I persuaded you to talk to Rachel.Isn’t it wonderful to have good friends?Speaking of friends,I’ve met some nice people here in London and I think we might become close friends.I decided to write rather than e-mail you about my new friends because it’s always nice to receive a letter from someone special.

語(yǔ)篇(2):

Exciting news for animal lovers

Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America illegally.One of the customs officers was watching the arrivals very closely.He could see a woman walking in front of a group.Then he saw feathers falling from under her coat.Having seen this,the customs officer asked the woman to come over to his desk.He was surprised to find ten birds inside her coat.There was a short fat gentleman following her.Another customs officer called him over when it seemed he had a moving stomach!On taking off his jacket,a sleeping tortoise was found on his stomach.Apparently he had traveled on the plane like this,keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.Such arrests are very pleasing for Paris officers.

語(yǔ)篇(3):

The job of a scientist is to find out the truth in the field of science.It is a challenging professor.Scientists usually have to do thousands of experiments in order to prove something.Although they are often disappointed,if they fail,most of them never give up.My next door neighbor is a scientist.He studies radiation.He is always working in his lab,trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him thrilled.When I met him the other day,he had had a breakthrough.He sounded so excited ,then I noticed that he was wearing shoes that did not match.He must have been working too hard to notice.I think it’s good to do a job that you are interested in.otherwise you will get bored easily.

教師B向?qū)W生展示了一組句子,然后根據(jù)下列句子讓學(xué)生分組討論,得出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題的基本步驟。

(1)If you to the left,you’ll find the post office.

(2) to the left,and you’ll find the post office.

(3) to the left,you’ll find the post office.

A.Turning B.To turn C.Turn D.Turned

(4)——Mum,why do you always eat an egg every day?

—— enough protein and nutrition.

A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting

(5)——What do you think made Mary so upset?

—— her new bicycle.

A.To lose B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing

(6)①M(fèi)r.Li is said abroad but I don’t know which country he studied in.

②Mr.Li is said abroad but I don’t know which country he is studying in.

A. to study B.to have studied

C.to be studying D.having studied

(7)① (一聽(tīng)到)the news,they all jumped with joy.

② (不知道)her address,we couldn’t get in touch with her.

③ (沒(méi)收到)an answer,he decided to write another letter.

④Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.

A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to

(8)I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone

Step three:consolidation

教師B讓學(xué)生完成若干組相似題的解答,從中再次感悟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的解題三步驟:

(1) the tower(從頂上上看),our town looks more beautiful.(see)

(2) the tower(從頂上上看),we find our town more beautiful.(see)

(3) the tower(為了看),he drove two hours from a mountainous village.(see)

(4)The sports meet (舉行)next week is of great importance.

(5)The sports meet (正在舉行)next week is of great importance.

(6)The sports meet (上星期舉行)next week is of great importance.

(7)It’s wrong of you to leave (讓機(jī)器一直開(kāi)著).(run)

(8)The guests left (大部分菜沒(méi)有動(dòng))because they didn’t taste delicious.(touch)

(9)He left,leaving me .(去做剩余的所有工作)(do)

(10)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems(有待解決) .(settle)

(11)With the assistants (正在處理)lot of difficult problems,the A newly-elected president can be interviewed.(settle)

(12)With a lot of difficult problems (要處理),the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(settle)

(13)With a lot of difficult problems (已處理),the newly-elected president is having a good time.(settle)

(14)(沒(méi)有公共汽車(chē)) ,we had to walk home last night.(be)

(15)Everything(通盤(pán)考慮) ,his attempt is not likely to turn out to be a success.(take)

(16)The teacher(將幫助我們) ,we will surely pass the final exam.(help)

(17)(假若健康狀況良好的話(huà)) ,I hope to finish the work this year.(give)

(18) (根據(jù)他的話(huà)判斷),he did well in his exam.(judge)

(19)(說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)) ,I am not familiar with this skill.(tell)

(20)Twenty passengers were killed in the accident,(include) (包括兩名兒童).

(21)The window needs (洗)(clean)

(22)This place is worthy. (值得參觀(guān)).(visit)

教師B給學(xué)生布置一份回家作業(yè),要求學(xué)生完成一篇作文,在作文中適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂梅侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于四川地震的簡(jiǎn)介:

寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容:

①2008年5月12日,一場(chǎng)特大地震襲擊了四川省,造成了成千上萬(wàn)人無(wú)家可歸。②大量的人員受傷,甚至喪命。③為了營(yíng)救那些受困和被埋的人,政府及時(shí)采取有效的措施,派遣士兵到受災(zāi)地區(qū)。④聽(tīng)到這個(gè)噩耗后,全世界的人們都伸出了援助之手。⑤盡管他們失去了一切,但他們正全力以赴,克服重重困難,重建家園。

參考詞匯:襲擊:hit/strike

受災(zāi)地區(qū):the earthquake-stricken area

參考:

On May 12th,2008,a worst earthquake struck Sichuan Province,causing thousands of people homeless.A great number of people were injured or even killed.To rescue the trapped and buried people,the government immediately took effective measures,sending the soldiers to the earthquake-stricken areas.Hearing the terrible news,the people all over the world came together to help them.Although having lost everything,they are trying their best to overcome all kinds of difficulties to rebuild their home.

3.同課異構(gòu)對(duì)比分析

從以上的教學(xué)流程可以看出,兩位教師采用了不同的教學(xué)模式,分析對(duì)比兩堂課的教學(xué)案,探索有效的高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)模式。

3.1導(dǎo)入不同。

教師A在導(dǎo)入時(shí),只是簡(jiǎn)單呈現(xiàn)了三個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)的句子,讓學(xué)生講述非謂語(yǔ)的三種類(lèi)型,雖然導(dǎo)入直接,但是學(xué)生興趣不高。教師B利用了2011年江蘇卷高考滿(mǎn)分作文的句子,由于恰地使用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,提升了句子的質(zhì)量。感受到這一語(yǔ)法確實(shí)有實(shí)用價(jià)值,學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣一下高漲,因此不同的導(dǎo)入方式,學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情有差別。

3.2語(yǔ)法知識(shí)輸入方式不同。

教師A嘗試的是傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)模式,課堂上多以自己講授,雖然也有讓學(xué)生參與的題目,但是大多采取的是“語(yǔ)法規(guī)則—配套練習(xí)”這一單一的方式教學(xué),許多學(xué)生在做練習(xí)時(shí)仍感到困惑。教師B則采用了不同的方式,首先考慮為學(xué)生設(shè)置涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)境,他以高二模塊5中的三篇短文入手,讓學(xué)生在有意義的語(yǔ)境中體會(huì)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的特定意義。高中學(xué)生具有一定的認(rèn)知能力,能夠利用已有的認(rèn)知能力去分析和推斷語(yǔ)言規(guī)律。在語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中,教師要善于利用學(xué)生的認(rèn)知能力,啟發(fā)學(xué)生去分析和推斷語(yǔ)言規(guī)律,主動(dòng)探求關(guān)于語(yǔ)法形式的外顯特征,而不是等待教師灌輸。因此教師B給了學(xué)生幾組句子,讓學(xué)生自己討論分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的解題步驟。由于學(xué)生在探究中自我感悟了規(guī)則,從鞏固練習(xí)的效果看,成效顯著。

3.3不同的鞏固提升。

在學(xué)生完成任務(wù)并掌握了一定的知識(shí)后,教室往往會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)幫助學(xué)生內(nèi)化語(yǔ)言、發(fā)展語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的任務(wù)?!敖處熢诮虒W(xué)中如何幫助學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)信息和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行重組、加工和內(nèi)化是提高課堂教學(xué)實(shí)效性的關(guān)鍵”(王薔,2008)。教師A在鞏固所學(xué)知識(shí)環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)只是將歷年高考題羅列給學(xué)生,雖然題目具有代表性,但形式過(guò)于單一,不利于學(xué)生消化。教師B先讓學(xué)生完成了幾組相似題,通過(guò)對(duì)比,進(jìn)一步理會(huì)解題步驟和技巧。然后通過(guò)課后的作文,發(fā)揮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的實(shí)用功能。

4.兩節(jié)課對(duì)高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)的啟示

在新課標(biāo)背景下,語(yǔ)法仍舊是必教科目,但如何教才能提高教學(xué)效率是個(gè)值得深入探討的問(wèn)題(楊成,2009)。通過(guò)對(duì)兩節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)課的對(duì)比分析,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn):

4.1導(dǎo)入活動(dòng)要激發(fā)興趣。

語(yǔ)法教學(xué)本身就是比較枯燥的,再者高三的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)是高一高二的提升,因此語(yǔ)法課的導(dǎo)入設(shè)計(jì)能否直接吸引學(xué)生的注意力直接影響教學(xué)效果。教師應(yīng)盡量讓學(xué)生感知所學(xué)語(yǔ)法的使用語(yǔ)境,激發(fā)學(xué)生探求這一語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的欲望。

4.2以學(xué)生為主體的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)。

根據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中提出“以學(xué)生為主體”的教學(xué)理念,教師在語(yǔ)法教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)拋棄過(guò)去那種以講解與傳授為主,死記硬背語(yǔ)法條文、機(jī)械套用基本句型的教學(xué)模式,采用以學(xué)生為主體的發(fā)現(xiàn)探究、實(shí)踐運(yùn)用、自主學(xué)習(xí),以及合作學(xué)習(xí)等新的教學(xué)理念和方法,將語(yǔ)法教學(xué)與聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)等各項(xiàng)技能的培養(yǎng)融為一體,根據(jù)不同的教學(xué)內(nèi)容、不同的教學(xué)目標(biāo),以及最新的高考考試說(shuō)明采用不同的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)模式。

4.3創(chuàng)造語(yǔ)言輸出機(jī)會(huì),培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感。

在語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中,教師應(yīng)創(chuàng)造語(yǔ)言輸出機(jī)會(huì),讓學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)進(jìn)行內(nèi)化。學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言輸出過(guò)程中通過(guò)不斷糾正錯(cuò)誤,才能完善對(duì)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。DeKeyser(1998)提出,注重語(yǔ)言輸出的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)有助于學(xué)習(xí)者掌握接觸過(guò)的語(yǔ)言形式。語(yǔ)言輸出為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者提供了表達(dá)語(yǔ)言和獲得反饋的機(jī)會(huì)。把注意力集中在自己的語(yǔ)言輸出上,學(xué)習(xí)者能發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的語(yǔ)言輸出與目標(biāo)語(yǔ)之間的差異,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的不足之處。因此教師要重視讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行角色扮演,根據(jù)提供的語(yǔ)境設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)話(huà)或完成書(shū)面表達(dá)等語(yǔ)言輸出活動(dòng)。

5.結(jié)語(yǔ)

通過(guò)“同課異構(gòu)“教研活動(dòng)的開(kāi)展,教師可以揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短,相互借鑒勇于創(chuàng)新,從興趣和已有水平出發(fā),設(shè)計(jì)出高效的高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課。

主站蜘蛛池模板: lhav亚洲精品| 亚洲无线视频| 97久久精品人人| 国产情精品嫩草影院88av| 欧美人人干| 亚洲av成人无码网站在线观看| 在线观看亚洲精品福利片| 找国产毛片看| 国产精品开放后亚洲| 色综合色国产热无码一| 欧美人在线一区二区三区| 午夜综合网| 成年午夜精品久久精品| 亚洲国产精品国自产拍A| 在线免费无码视频| 国产人免费人成免费视频| 亚洲欧美不卡| 四虎成人精品在永久免费| 色噜噜狠狠色综合网图区| 欧美区一区| 激情亚洲天堂| …亚洲 欧洲 另类 春色| 亚瑟天堂久久一区二区影院| 国产人在线成免费视频| 大乳丰满人妻中文字幕日本| 永久免费无码日韩视频| 国产肉感大码AV无码| 亚洲91在线精品| 国产一区二区三区精品久久呦| 女人18一级毛片免费观看| 国产一级小视频| 欧美区在线播放| 幺女国产一级毛片| 国产高清精品在线91| 男女性午夜福利网站| 国产日韩久久久久无码精品| 国产永久无码观看在线| 亚洲日韩AV无码一区二区三区人| 无码不卡的中文字幕视频| 国产网站一区二区三区| 人禽伦免费交视频网页播放| 波多野结衣一区二区三区AV| 伊人精品视频免费在线| 亚洲首页国产精品丝袜| 色成人亚洲| 国产精品视频白浆免费视频| 亚洲国产天堂久久九九九| 国产精品偷伦视频免费观看国产| 8090成人午夜精品| 国产精品美女免费视频大全| 亚洲人成亚洲精品| 在线不卡免费视频| 超清人妻系列无码专区| 亚洲精品不卡午夜精品| 国产91线观看| 亚洲香蕉伊综合在人在线| 91九色视频网| 97在线国产视频| 三级视频中文字幕| 国产在线拍偷自揄观看视频网站| 中国毛片网| 亚洲无码A视频在线| 国产靠逼视频| 婷婷成人综合| 国产国产人在线成免费视频狼人色| 91国内视频在线观看| 婷婷综合在线观看丁香| 永久天堂网Av| 国产精品网拍在线| 国产精品精品视频| 久一在线视频| 久久99国产综合精品1| 韩日免费小视频| 福利小视频在线播放| 国产精品久久久久久影院| 毛片一级在线| 久996视频精品免费观看| 色丁丁毛片在线观看| 日韩精品视频久久| 无码免费的亚洲视频| 国内99精品激情视频精品| 成人国产一区二区三区|