The Chinese know, perhaps better than anyone
else, how to eat. I’m not talking here about their 2)exquisite 3)haute cuisine, or their ancient tradition of 4)gastronomy. I’m talking about the ability of ordinary Chinese home cooks to transform humble and largely vegetarian ingredients into wonderful delicacies, and to eat in a way that not only delights the senses, but also makes sense in terms of health, economy and the environment.
Not long ago I was invited to lunch in a farmhouse near Hangzhou, in eastern China. In the dining-room, the grandmother of the household, Mao Cailian, had laid out a selection of dishes on a tall, square table. There were whole salted duck eggs, 5)hard-boiled and served in their shells, fresh 6)green soy beans 7)stir-fried with preserved 8)mustard greens, chunks of 9)winter melon 10)braised in soy sauce, potato 11)slivers with 12)spring onion,
人或許最諳其道。我在這里談論的并不是他們那精美的高級烹飪,或是他們古老而傳統的烹飪法,而是中國普通家庭烹飪的魅力——能把大量樸實無華且以素食為主的原料變成美味佳肴,令人吃起來不僅能獲得各種感官上的愉悅滿足,還很健康、實惠和環保。
不久前,我受邀到中國東部城市杭州附近的一戶農家吃午飯。飯廳里,這戶人家的祖母毛采蓮(音譯)在一張長長的方桌上擺出了一頓豐盛的菜肴:水煮的帶殼咸鴨蛋、新鮮毛豆炒咸菜、醬油燜冬瓜、蔥拌土豆絲、
過去,物質的匱乏限制了中國人食用肉類,不過,由于中國人向來秉承“民以食為天”的理念,少吃肉這一簡樸習慣促使廚師們逐漸擅于用大量素食原料烹制出美味佳肴。在中國人的家庭烹飪中,少量的肉類通常被切成小塊,讓肉味融入整鍋菜中;而那些生曬和發酵食物如黃豆醬、豆豉和鹽漬或者泡漬的蔬菜——被我奉為神奇原料的調味料——為素食菜肴帶來了與濃郁肉味幾乎相同的香味。
中國的烹飪術在西方人的眼中素來顯得復雜嚇人。宴會菜式的烹飪過程確實既復雜又耗時,但是家庭烹飪則通常簡單易懂。在你的櫥柜里儲存一些基本的中國調味品,你便可以借助這些看似很零碎的瓶瓶罐罐做出一頓美味佳肴。不久前,一時沖動之下,我邀請了一位朋友到家里吃晚飯,在缺少原料的情況下,我不得不像變戲法似的弄出一桌飯菜。我用半個卷心菜炒蝦米,加上之前吃剩的菠菜和豆腐乳;……