摘 要 膽囊結石是常見病,本文介紹膽囊結石外科治療的進展,包括膽囊切除術和當前的保膽手術,開腹膽囊切除術和腹腔鏡膽囊切除術,后者從四孔法到三孔法,以及近期出現的單孔法與經自然孔道內鏡手術。這些手術既是微創理念、手術技術以及手術器械的發展,但也都存在各自的手術指證與不良反應。膽囊結石病的最終解決有待膽石發病機制的深入研究與認識。
關鍵詞 膽囊結石病 手術 腹腔鏡膽囊切除術 微創
中圖分類號:R575.6+2 文獻標識碼:C 文章編號:1006-1533(2012)20-0010-03
Progress of surgical treatment of gallbladder stones
ZHANG Sheng-ping1, XIANG Jianbin2, MA Baojin2
(1. Department of General Surgery, Jingan Branch, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China;
2. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)
ABSTRACT Gallbladder stone is a common disease. The progress of surgical treatment of gallbladder stone is reviewed including cholecystectomy and gallbladder reserving cholelithotomy, open cholecystectomy and laparosopic cholecystectomy with four ports, three ports and single port and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. These procedures were established based on minimal invasive idea and the development of both surgical technique and instruments. There are respective indications and morbiditys for each procedure. The understanding of the pathogenesis of gallstones is central to the management of patients with gallbladder stones.
KEY WORDS gallbladder stone disease; operation; laparoscopic cholecystectomy; minival invasive
膽石病是外科最常見的疾病之一,隨著人們生活水平的提高和生活習慣的改變,膽石病的發病率有逐年上升的趨勢,目前自然人群發病率高達10.00%左右。膽石病可導致炎癥發作、膽道梗阻甚至癌腫的形成等,嚴重影響人們的健康和生活。本文將介紹膽囊結石外科治療的現況和進展。
膽囊結石主要為膽固醇性結石或以膽固醇為主的混合性結石,常見于成年人,女性、40歲以上、肥胖以及家族史者多見。約20.00%~40.00%的膽囊結石患者終生無癥狀,僅在體檢、手術或尸體解剖中被偶然發現,稱為靜止性膽囊結石。多數患者表現為消化不良、膽絞痛、發熱、嘔吐等癥狀,與結石大小、部位以及是否合并膽道感染、梗阻及膽囊功能有關。
1 膽囊切除術和保膽手術
膽囊切除是治療膽囊結石的首選方法,已有100多年的實踐歷程,臨床效果確切。對有癥狀和/或并發癥的膽囊結石應及早手術,對靜止性膽囊結石不必急于手術,特別是對有手術高危因素的患者。……