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關(guān)鍵詞:湖南;傳統(tǒng)民居;典型戶型;一明兩暗
Abstract:In this paper, the traditional houses of Hunan were researched; the main units of Hunan Traditional Houses of the Han nationality, Dong nationality, Miao nationality and Tujia nationality were comparatively analyzed. The analysis results show that, whether the houses of Han or other ethnic minorities in Hunan, although the flat forms are complex and changeable since ancient times,, but the basic layouts are all belong to the “one bright, two dark and three bay”, and which derivatively change on this basis.
Keywords:Hunan;traditional folk dwellings;typical units;one bright and two dark
中圖分類號(hào):TU-882
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1008-0422(2012)08-0049-03
1 前言
傳統(tǒng)民居是在許多因素的作用和影響下,一代又一代延續(xù)下來并植根于當(dāng)?shù)氐娜宋摹⒌乩憝h(huán)境,適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆钚枨蟮慕ㄖ:暇哂杏凭玫臍v史,是我國(guó)文明發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)之一,也是多民族聚居的省份,主要少數(shù)民族有土家、苗、瑤、侗、白、回、壯族等。多民族帶來的文化和歷史的多樣性,加之湖南特有的地理環(huán)境,使湖南傳統(tǒng)民居具有鮮明的地方建筑文化特色。
傳統(tǒng)民居在漫長(zhǎng)的演變過程中,一直能較好地滿足和適應(yīng)人們生產(chǎn)生活等方面的需求,必然存在一種歷經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)并得以繼承發(fā)展的模式。本文通過對(duì)湖南傳統(tǒng)民居的調(diào)查,對(duì)比分析漢族、侗族、苗族、土家族等傳統(tǒng)民居,探討湖南傳統(tǒng)民居的典型戶型。
2 湖南傳統(tǒng)民居主要戶型及特點(diǎn)
湖南大部分處于洞庭湖之南,境內(nèi)地貌類型多樣,以山地、丘陵為主,少部分為盆地和平原。有五個(gè)地形區(qū):洞庭湖平原、湘中丘陵盆地、湘西山地丘陵、湘南山地和湘東北山地。湖南大陸性氣候特征明顯,四季較分明,夏季高溫多雨,冬季寒冷干燥。多樣的氣候條件、地理環(huán)境對(duì)湖南民居產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。……