詞匯及短語精析

1. movement n. 運動，活動，動作；傾向，動向

He led them in launching a patriotic movement.

他領導他們開展了一場愛國運動。

The tiger doesn’t make any movement towards the food.

老虎沒有對這些食物做任何動作。

There is a movement towards simple designs in clothing.

時下服裝設計趨于簡約化。

2. technique n.（尤指藝術或科學方面的）技巧，手法，技術

If you want to learn to paint， I suggest you study Raphael’s technique.

如果你想學繪畫，我建議你學習拉斐爾的手法。

Let me introduce some of the applications of this technique.

請允許我介紹一些使用該技術的應用程序。

3. approach n. 接近，靠近；道路，入口；方法，步驟

v. 走進，靠近；接洽，交涉

(1) approach作為名詞時，意為“接近，靠近”，“道路，入口”，“方法，步驟”等。

Our approach drove away the wild animals.

我們一走近，野獸全都跑開了。

All approaches to the town were blocked.

通往這座城鎮的所有道路都被封鎖了。

However， we found some problems in this approach to the language teaching.

不過我們發現語言教學使用這種方法存在一些問題。

(2) approach作為動詞時，意為“走進，靠近”，“接洽，交涉”等。

As you approach the town the first building you see is the church.

接近那座城鎮的時候，首先看到的就是教堂。

Before trying to solve the puzzle， let us consider the best way to approach it.

要想解決這一難題，我們先來考慮一下如何著手才好。

短語：

make an approach to 接近；交涉，接觸

In order to form a business partnership with them， we have made approaches to their manager.

為了要和他們建立商業伙伴關系，我們開始同他們經理打交道。

4. decline n. 下降，衰退，減少

v. 衰退，下降；婉言謝絕

(1) decline作為名詞時，意為“下降，衰退，減少”。

There has been a sharp decline in the sales number of this year.

今年銷售量大幅降低。

We are studying the decline of ancient Rome.

我們在研究古羅馬的衰落。

(2) decline作為動詞時，除了有“衰退，下降”之意，還可指“婉言謝絕”。

Her influence declined after she lost the election.

她落選后其影響力大為降低。

We asked them to come to our party， but they declined.

我們邀請他們來參加聚會，但他們婉言謝絕了。

5. emerge v. 出現，浮現，露出；顯露，露出真相

The sun emerged from behind the clouds.

太陽從云層后面露了出來。

Eventually the truth of the matter emerged.

事情終于真相大白。

搭配：

emerge from 從……顯露，從……擺脫出來

The President has emerged from this incident with his reputation intact.

總統已從這件事中擺脫出來，其聲望也未受損害。

6. touch v. 觸動，感動，使心動；碰到，貼著；觸摸，

與……接觸

His sad story touched us and we nearly cried.

他悲慘的遭遇深深打動了我們，我們幾乎哭了出來。

He swore he’d never touch a drink again.

他發誓以后滴酒不沾。

拓展：

touched adj. 感激的，受感動的

touching adj. 令人同情的，感人的

7. arise v.（由……）引起（產生），呈現，發生

Some unexpected difficulties have arisen here.

這兒出現了一些意想不到的狀況。

The problem may not arise， but there’s no harm in keeping our powder dry.

問題不一定會發生，但有備無患并無害處。

搭配：

arise from/out of sth 由某事產生，引起

Are there any matters arising from the records of the last meeting?

關于上次會議的記錄有沒有問題?

辨析：

比較arise，raise和rise

arise作為不及物動詞用來表示困難、問題、機遇等出現；raise作為及物動詞表示舉起，抬起某物，還可表示“撫養，養育”；rise作為不及物動詞表示某物上升，升起，升高，上漲。

Raise your hand if you finish.

做完了就舉起手來。

I was raised by my aunt on a farm.

我是在農場由姨媽撫養長大的。

The smoke was rising from the chimney.

煙正從煙囪升起來。

8. tight adj.（控制）嚴格的，嚴密的；緊的，牢的；排滿的，

塞滿的

There was tight security at the airport when the leader’s plane landed.

當領導人乘坐的飛機降落時，機場已做好嚴密的保安措施。

I’ve got a very tight schedule today so I can’t see you until tomorrow.

今天我的日程已經排得很滿，所以明天才能見你。

9. otherwise adv. 否則，要不然；另外，除了…以外

Do as you’re told， otherwise you’ll be in trouble.

告訴你怎么做就怎么做，不然你會有麻煩的。

The soup was cold， but otherwise the meal was excellent.

除了湯是涼的以外，那頓飯還是很好的。

辨析：

比較besides，unless，except和otherwise

besides作為副詞意為“還有，而且”，含有肯定和附加之意；unless作為連接詞，意為“除非”；except作為介詞意為“除……之外”，含有否定和排除之意，著重強調“不包括”；otherwise作為副詞意為“否則”，強調“不同情況下”。

There are five other people besides both of us.

除了我們兩人之處，還有五個人。

You may fail unless you study hard.

除非你努力學習，否則考試會不及格。

All the boys went to the party except Bob.

除了鮑伯之外，所有男生都去了聚會。

You’d better go early， otherwise you’ll miss your train.

你最好早些走，不然就趕不上火車了。

10. allowance n. 津貼，補助；零用錢

The scholarship includes an allowance of 200 yuan for books.

獎學金包括兩百元書本費津貼。

I didn’t receive any allowance from my father.

我沒有收到父親給的零用錢。

辨析：

比較allowance和pension

allowance意為津貼，具有補貼的性質，如a traveling allowance旅費補助；pension專指退休金，養老金，如a retirement pension退休金。

11. devote v. 為……付出時間/努力/金錢等；專心致力于

He has devoted his life to helping blind people.

他為幫助盲人而獻出一生。

搭配：

devote...to (sth/doing sth) 把……奉獻給……；把……專用

于……

I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.

我認為我們不應該在這個問題上再花費時間。

拓展：

devotion n. 獻身，奉獻

devoted adj. 熱愛……的；獻身于……，專心于……

be devoted to 對……專注（專一）；專用于……

She is devoted to her children.

她深愛她的孩子。

Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing problem.

大部分的會議時間都用來討論住房問題。

12. beg v. 請求，懇求；乞求，乞討（尤指食物、金錢等）

He begged that he should be sent home.

他請求將他送回家去。

I beg your pardon.

請您原諒。

短語：

beg for 乞求，請求

The homeless man has to beg for money.

那個無家可歸的人不得不為了錢而乞討。

13. be bored with 厭煩

Matt was bored with the whole digging project.

馬特對整個挖掘工作感到厭煩了。

Don’t be afraid to tell your supervisor that you are bored with what you’re doing and would like a new challenge.

不要害怕告訴上司你對目前的工作感到無聊并希望接受新的挑戰。

14. take advantage of 利用

They took full advantage of the hotel’s facilities.

他們充分利用旅館的設備。

You should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence.

你應該利用好天氣給籬笆上油漆。

拓展：

have the advantage of 比……有優勢，占上風

You have the advantage of me when you talk about science.

談起科學，你比我內行得多。

15. rather than 而不是

I think I should have a cup of milk rather than coffee.

我想我應該喝一杯牛奶而不是咖啡。

Keep positive by talking about what you like rather than what you dislike.

談論自己喜歡的事物而不談自己不喜歡的可以保持樂觀的情緒。

辨析：

比較rather than，other than，prefer to do...rather than do...和would rather do...than do...

(1) rather than意為“而不是，而沒有”，能常連接兩個并列成分。

(2) other than意為“除了……之外”，一般用于否定句中。

You can’t get there other than by boat.

除了坐船，你無法到那里去。

(3) prefer to do...rather than do...和would rather do...than do均意為“寧愿做……而不愿做”。

I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

我更愿意讀書而不是看電視。

He would rather play than do homework.

他寧愿玩也不愿做作業。

16. try out (for sth) 嘗試；測試，試驗；試演

This will allow team members to try out different writing styles.

這將幫助團隊成員試驗不同的編寫風格。

You won’t join the company if you don’t try out.

不參加選拔就不能加入這個公司。

She’s trying out for the part of Juliet.

她正在試演朱麗葉這個角色。

拓展：

try for 謀求，爭取

try on 試穿

17. come out 出版，出現，（指花朵等）開始長出，開花；

（消息等）傳出，透露；褪色

When will her new book come out?

她的新書什么時候出版？

The peach blossom came out late this year because of the cold weather.

因為天氣寒冷，今年桃花開得晚.

It eventually came out that he had been stealing money from his employers.

他一直都在偷雇主的錢，這事終于暴露了。

I’ve washed this shirt twice and the ink still hasn’t come out.

這件襯衫我已經洗過兩次了，但上面的墨水漬還洗不掉。

拓展：

come about 發生

come across 偶遇

come up with 想出，提出

He could not come up with a proper answer.

他想不出一個合適的回答。

18. far from 完全不，遠遠不；遠離

I’m far from pleased with your behavior.

我對你的表現很不滿意。

The problem is far from easy.

這件事絕非那么容易。

19. make an impression on sb 給某人留下印象

Her speech made quite an impression on the audience.

她的演說給聽眾留下相當好的印象。

I am sure the film made an impression on everybody who saw it.

我敢肯定，這部影片給每個觀眾都留下了深刻的印象。

拓展：

give the impression of 給有……的印象

He gives the impression of not caring about anything.

他給人的印象是對什么事都不在乎。