金融英語——常用詞匯(九十四)

cross tra de 交叉盤

A practice outlawed on most major stock exchanges in which buy and sell orders for the same stock are offset without recording the trade on the exchange.

交叉盤指同一間經紀商同時代買方及賣方完成股票交易，而這項交易并未通過自動對盤系統進行。若成交紀錄欄上發現“X”符號，即表示該宗交易是以交叉盤完成。由于買方買入股票的數目，與賣方沽出股票的數目相同，故兩方經紀商可以交叉盤實時交易，而無須透過自動對盤系統買賣。

cross trading 買空賣空

A practice outlawed on most major stock exchanges in which buy and sell orders for the same stock are offset without recording the trade on the exchange.

是指買賣雙方或多方所進行的虛假交易，從而給人們一種錯覺，即認為某種商品或證券在市場上的交易活動相當活躍。

cross-collateralization n. 交叉擔保

When collateral for one loan is also serving as collateral for other loans.

作為一項貸款抵押品的同時也為其它貸款作抵押品。

crossed check 劃線支票

A form of check which has two parallel or transverse lines across the face so that the bank on which it is drawn may not pay to any other party than to a bank.

此種支票上有兩條平行線或兩條橫過支票表面的線，劃線支票只能向銀行付款（即不得取現）。

crossover fund 交叉基金

A mutual fund that invests in both public and private equity.

同時投資上市及非上市股票的投資基金。

crossover rate 交叉率

The return at which two alternative projects have the same net present value.

是指兩個投資項目的凈現值曲線相交時的貼現率。

cross-sectional analysis 橫向分析

A statistical methodology applied to a set of firms at a particular time.

是指對某一時期同行業的、特征相似的幾個不同企業的財務報表分析，由此可看出某企業的經營狀況。

cross-selling n. 交叉銷售

The strategy of pushing new products to current customers based on their past purchases.

根據以往購買基礎，將新產品推銷給現有顧客的策略。

crowding out 排擠

A situation in which the government is borrowing heavily while businesses and individuals also want to borrow.

當企業或個人也想借款時政府大量借款的情況。

crowding out effect 擠出效應

An economic theory explaining an increase in interest rates due to rising government borrowing in the money market.

是指當政府支出大量增加時，須大幅度舉債，由此致使利率上升，而企業和個人無力承擔高利率，則政府排擠了企業和個人的借款能力，也同時降低了經濟活力。

crown corporation 國家企業

Any corporation that is established and regulated by a country's government.

由國家政府成立及監管的企業。

crown jewels 頂尖業務

The most valuable unit of a corporation because of profitability， asset value， future prospects， etc.

一家企業最有價值的業務單位，因為盈利能力、資產價值、未來前景等各方面都最優秀。

CRS 國會研究服務

Congressional Research Service＝CRT

剩余資金慈善信托

Charitable remainder trust. An arrangement in which property or money is donated to a charity， but the donor (called the grantor) continues to use the property and/or receive income from it while living. The beneficiaries receive the income and the charity receives the principal after a specified period of time. The grantor avoids any capital gains tax on the donated assets， and also gets an income tax deduction for the fair market value of the remainder interest that the trust earned. In addition， the asset is removed from the estate， reducing subsequent estate taxes. While the contribution is irrevocable， the grantor may have some control over the way the assets are invested， and may even switch from one charity to another (as long as it's still a qualified charitable organization). CRTs come in three types: charitable remainder annuity trust (which pays a fixed dollar amount annually)， a charitable remainder unitrust (which pays a fixed percentage of the trust's value annually)， and a charitable pooled income fund (which is set up by the charity， enabling many donors to contribute).

是指慈善人士將一筆財產交于信托公司管理，當此人士在世時，定期將此財產一部分贈與慈善機構，一旦捐贈人死亡，則余額已免稅方式轉贈給特定的慈善機構，這對有心從事慈善事業人士而言，是一種普遍受到歡迎的方式，在美國使用較多。