正確判斷閱讀中選項的依據

摘要在做閱讀理解題時必須依據文章的主題、細節內容、作者的意圖、作者的思路、作者的語氣和態度作一番推敲，如曲解了文章的事實或對文章的事實缺乏全面的了解，必然會導致選擇的錯誤。如何正確判斷閱讀中的選擇，現根據下面的一篇閱讀理解題進行剖析，從不同的視角來探討如何選題的理據。

關鍵詞閱讀理解 選題 依據

中圖分類號：G623.3 文獻標識碼：A

A Correct Judgment on Reading Options

HUANG Jinhua

(Zhangdian Middle School of Jiangyan City， Jiangyan， Jiangsu 225527)

AbstractWhen students dealing with reading comprehension questions， they must based on the theme of articles， details on the contents， the author's intention， the author's ideas， the author's tone and manner. If distort the facts or lack of comprehensive understanding of the facts of the article， it will lead to the wrong choice. How to make a correct choice in reading options， this paper take an example for an reading comprehension to discuss about it from different view angle.

Key wordsreading comprehension; option; basis

很多學生在做閱讀理解題時常常存在這樣的現象，文章內容能理解但在判斷選擇項時則極易產生失誤。其原因何在，歸根結底是對所閱讀的文章領悟膚淺。不能從文中的字里行間去仔細辨析作者話語的內涵意義。而現行的高考閱讀理解題則多以考查學生的推理、判斷能力為主。因此在做閱讀理解題時必須依據文章的主題、細節內容、作者的意圖、作者的思路、作者的語氣和態度作一番推敲，如曲解了文章的事實或對文章的事實缺乏全面的了解，必然會導致選擇的錯誤。如何正確判斷閱讀中的選擇，現根據下面的一篇閱讀理解題進行剖析，從不同的視角來探討如何選題的理據。

A religious person will have a different thought from one who is not. And Democrat usually doesn’t view issues the same way as a Republican.

Take the shoes for example. It has the same principle. Some like custom shoes for personalization. But some don’t. Some will purchase a shoes printer only for one desired image. That all depends on different conceptions. So when you have a negative thought about yourself， don’t consider it a fact until you also reflect on the opposite view. And if the alternative is more positive， accept that to be your truth.

An anorexic (厭食癥患者) looks in the mirror and thinks she is fat. As a result she starves herself and begins to get weak. But society thinks she’s too skinny. Unless she can change her perception.， she’ll never agree with society. And she’ll never get better. What are you seeing in you that is preventing you from realizing how beautiful you are ? If you take the positive view， that is how other people will see you too.

More often than not the critical statements that damage your self-respect come from your own mind. Now you know how you can silence them. A bad comment is usually not about you; it’s about something that is going on with the commenter. Don’t believe anything that is said to you that isn’t in your best interest. And don’t waste any time or brainpower on anyone who doesn’t think you are amazing.

It’s what you think that creates how you feel. Design your own custom shoes， despite others’ critical eyes. If you like it， it will be the top one. If someone tells you you’re fat， or stupid or otherwise unappealing， the only person you should think badly is them!

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Try to be different.

B. Different beliefs make different views.

C. You are actually amazing.

D. Trust what people say to you.

2. Which of the following sentences contains a metaphor（暗喻）？

A. A Democrat usually doesn’t view issues the same way as a Republican.

B. Some like custom shoes for personalization.

C. An anorexic looks in the mirror and thinks she is fat.

D. Design your own custom shoes， despite others’ critical eyes.

3. The reason why the writer wrote this passage is to __________.

A. confuse people about how to thinkB. help people learn how to do self-reflection

C. tell people different ways of thinkingD. show he is smarter than most people.

4. What is the meaning of the underlined word “unappealing” ？

A. Stylish

B. Unattractive

C. Active

D. Handsome

【解題導語】該文是一篇典型的議論文，主要論述了不同的思維方式會產生不同的觀點。并因此決定了人們對自己及周圍事物的不同看法。如何根據文章內容做出正確的選擇，可根據以下的方法來進行判斷。

1 依據上下文的線索判斷

一篇文章，無論是何種體裁，都順著一定的模式起承轉合。而學生在閱讀時往往不能依據閱讀文章中事物發展的顛簸起伏去明確主旨，有時甚至被文章中的枝節內容所迷惑，從而造成選擇中的失誤。因此在閱讀時應隨時注意上下文的線索，順著文章的主線尋找與選項內容密切相關的內容，才能在解題時作出正確的判斷。

初讀全文，也許極易被文章中眾多的論述所困惑。而綜觀文章的上下文則會明白，該文主要論述的是不同思維模式對人的影響。從文章各段落中的典型話語可以判斷。如：第一小節中的And Democrat usually doesn’t view issues the same way as a Republican. 第二小節中的So when you have a negative thought about yourself， don’t consider it a fact until you also reflect on the opposite view.第三小節中的If you take the positive view， that is how other people will see you too.第五小節中的It’s what you think that creates how you feel.綜合以上各小節中的內容要點，以此作為線索，從而判斷該文后的第一題應選擇B。

2 依據關鍵詞的鋪墊判斷

有時在一篇文章中一些關鍵的詞的使用會對正確判斷起著置關重要的鋪墊作用。而許多學生在閱讀時則往往忽視這些詞匯的重要性，把作者的言外之意視為其真正的意圖，從而造成判斷的失誤。因此在閱讀時要注意這些關鍵詞的內涵意義，從文章的字里行間去領悟某些詞的特定意義，使其成為正確判斷選項的依據。

該文的第四題為詞義猜測題，而根據劃線部分詞匯前的fat和stupid這兩個關鍵詞的鋪墊可以看出，unappealing應該是一個令人產生不愉快感覺的形容詞，且與前面的兩個詞匯構成并列的結構。由此而判斷該題應選擇Unattractive才與文意吻合。

3 依據主題句的定旨判斷

任何一篇文章都有一個主題，然后以該主題展開情節，通過情節來凸顯要點，最后對要點進行歸納或概括進而形成主題句。為了使閱讀能夠更加高效、準確，學生應該采用最根本的閱讀方法，依據主題句來定旨。把文章中最有價值的信息總結成為主題句，在認真分析篇章結構的基礎上，抓住文章的主題句、文中的關鍵句以及文章最后的結論句，為正確判斷奠定有力的依據。

該文的第三題為推理判斷題。根據全文內容，尤其是第三段可以判斷，本文的寫作目的是向讀者闡明考慮問題可以從不同的角度入手。通過該段落的最后一句話If you take the positive view， that is how other people will see you too.以及文章的第一小節可以確定該文的主題應是different people view issues in different ways故該題應選擇C為宜。該題有很強的隱蔽性，稍不留神，就會誤選B。因此在閱讀時首先要明確文章的主題，依據主題句定旨，才能有效、正確解題。

4 依據脈絡線的觀意判斷

許多文章常常以一定的脈絡和線索呈現。因此在解題時要吃透整個語篇、語意，從文章的字里行間獲取有價值的隱藏信息。分析作者的寫作思路，以此來推測作者未提到的事或作者預計某事發生的可能性。將這些論據按照一定的線索或脈絡連貫起來，從而得出一個合理的結論來迎合作者的觀點、態度和意圖。

該文的第二題為推理判斷題。盡管文章中出現了一些與主題不相干的內容，但其宗旨在讀完全文之后還是一目了然。其脈絡依舊論述的是思維方式對看待事物的差異性。要規劃好自己的人生，做自己想要做的事，就不要在乎他人挑剔的目光。許多學生在解題時往往忽視了他人的態度而誤選B，而通過觀意則會明確只有D才符合問句的全部內涵意義。

本文從以上幾點論述了在解閱讀理解題時的一些方法，當然如果學生想要在閱讀理解題上取得更高的成績，還有待于在不斷的實踐中加以總結和歸納。只有通過大量的實踐，才能形成良好的解題策略。