摘要:分析了利用現有的轉基因技術所獲得的G0代轉基因家畜外源基因的整合和表達狀況:在隨機整合的情況下,存在大量嵌合體現象,不同的整合位點其表達效應不同;應用基因打靶技術實現定位整合,情況相對簡單。在此基礎上,提出不同整合類型對G0代轉基因家畜進行遴選的方法和程序,以及建立轉基因家畜純合體的兩條技術路線:一是利用遴選出的具有遺傳穩定性的G0代個體,通過常規繁育獲得;二是利用基因打靶技術,獲得雙等位基因整合(或敲除)的家畜。最后根據家畜育種的理論,提出了建立轉基因新品系、進而形成新品種的步驟。
關鍵詞:轉基因家畜;純合體;新品系
中圖分類號:S813.3文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2011)18-3785-05
The Breeding of Transgenic Livestock New Lines
WEI Qing-xin,ZHENG Xin-min
(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science ,Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064,China)
Abstract: The integration and expression of foreign genes in the G0 transgenic livestock’s which obtained by using existed transgenic technology were first analysized. There were a lot of chimerism in the cases of random integration, and the expression effects were also different in different integration sites. It should be relatively simple if targeted integration was achieved by gene targeting technology. On this basis, the methods and procedures of the selection for G0 transgenic animals in different integration types were proposed, and two technical routes for homozygous transgenic animals were established. The first one was to select genetic stable G0 individuals and obtain homozygote through conventional breeding. The second one was to repeatly use somatic cell gene targeting to obtain the livestock with dual-allele interaction (or knockout). Finally, according tothe livestock breeding theory, the proncess of constructing a new trangenic line and then forming a new species based on the transgenic homozygous individuals was put forward.
Key words: transgenic livestock; homozygotes; new lines
應用現有的轉基因技術制備出轉基因家畜個體,再到培育成一個轉基因新品系、進而培育成新品種,還有大量的選育工作要做和相當長的育種路程。無論用哪一種轉基因方法得到的原代轉基因家畜(G0代,由轉基因的胚胎發育成的轉基因動物[1]),都只是育種的初始材料,有的還不能作為育種的材料。G0代轉基因家畜能否作為育種材料,取決于其外源基因遺傳的穩定性,以及其表達水平是否達到預期要求。而G0代轉基因家畜遺傳穩定性以及表達水平,則與外源基因整合的位點和整合的狀況有關。按目前的轉基因技術,G0代轉基因豬外源基因一般只是整合在同源染色體中的一條染色體上,可稱其為“雜合體”。只有獲得“純合體”(同源染色體上的相同位點都整合有外源基因),才能進行下一步的建立家系、品系等育種工作。……