摘要:研究了利用板栗苞栽培榆黃蘑(Pleurotus citrinopileatus Sing.)的實(shí)用技術(shù),篩選出了最佳的栽培料配方,配方由板栗苞40%、玉米芯40%、麩皮17%、白糖1%、石膏1%、石灰1%組成。原料經(jīng)過(guò)生物發(fā)酵處理后,再滅菌接種培養(yǎng),則菌絲生長(zhǎng)健壯,子實(shí)體產(chǎn)量較高.生物學(xué)效率達(dá)99.8%。經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析結(jié)果顯示,板栗苞配方比雜木屑配方的栽培成本降低0.40元/kg,投入產(chǎn)出比達(dá)到了1∶2.8,并可節(jié)約林木資源,是農(nóng)村廢物利用、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的有效途徑。
關(guān)鍵詞:榆黃蘑;板栗苞;栽培;配方;效益
中圖分類號(hào):S646.1+41;S626文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2011)18-3737-02
Study on the Formula and Benefit Comparison of Pleurotus citrinopileutus Cultivated
in Chestnut Involucres
WANG De-zhi,ZHOU Ying
(Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000,Henan,China)
Abstract: The techniques of using chestnut involucres to cultivate Pleurotus citrinopileatus Sing. was studied. The best formula included 40% chestnut involucres, 40% corn core, 17% wheat skin, 1% sugar, 1% CaSO4·2H2O, and 1% CaO. The hypha grew strong and the yield of sporophore was high in fermented raw materials. Biological efficiency was 99.8%. The results of economic benefit analysis showed that the cultivation cost of chestnut involucres was 0.40 yuan/kg lower than that of miscellaneous wood involucres. The ratio of investment to income was 1∶2.8. The wood resources could be saved and the ecological environmental could be protected.
Key wards: Pleurotus citrinopileatus Sing.; chestnut involucre; cultivation; formula; benefit
榆黃蘑(Pleurotus citrinopileatus Sing.)又名金頂側(cè)耳、金頂蘑、榆黃菇、玉皇蘑或黃蘑,隸屬于擔(dān)子菌亞門(mén)(Basidiomycotina)、傘菌目(Agaricales)、側(cè)耳科(Pleurotaceae)、側(cè)耳屬[Pleurotus(Jacq.:Fr.)P.Kummer]。在野生條件下,榆黃蘑春、秋季生于榆、櫟、樺等闊葉樹(shù)的倒枯木、立木樁上;人工栽培的榆黃蘑呈覆瓦狀叢生,菌蓋基部下凹為喇叭狀,邊緣平展呈波浪狀,許多菌蓋層疊簇生在一起,宛如一束金色的花朵,其色彩絢麗、味道鮮美、營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,有滋補(bǔ)強(qiáng)壯的藥用保健價(jià)值,是著名的珍稀食用、藥用真菌[1];不但被國(guó)人所喜愛(ài),而且在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上也倍受青睞。目前,利用板栗苞作為栽培料培養(yǎng)蜜環(huán)菌、香菇等已經(jīng)形成了一整套成熟的技術(shù)[2],而利用板栗苞栽培榆黃蘑仍處于空白,經(jīng)過(guò)我們反復(fù)試驗(yàn),利用板栗苞栽培榆黃蘑獲得了成功,并且效益可觀,現(xiàn)將其試驗(yàn)結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
榆黃蘑菌種引自河南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院食用菌研究所;板栗苞來(lái)自當(dāng)?shù)匕謇醴N植戶,將其曬干,粉碎后備用[3];玉米芯、雜木屑、麩皮、白糖、石膏、石灰等材料購(gòu)自當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)。……