摘要:在稻田養蟹生態系統中,研究稻蟹共作對稻田土壤理化性質的影響。結果表明,稻蟹共作提高了土壤中全氮、全磷的含量,顯著地增加了土壤中NH4+、速效磷含量,而對土壤中NO3-影響不顯著;相對于不養蟹稻田,由于河蟹的存在,稻蟹共作降低了土壤pH,顯著增加了粒徑>0.2 mm團聚體的含量,顯著降低了粒徑<0.002 mm微團聚體的含量,稻田土壤水穩性團聚體數量增加,土壤團聚化程度加強,降低了土壤容重,改善了土壤質地。
關鍵詞:稻蟹共作生態系統;土壤理化性質;氮素;磷素
中圖分類號:S153;S511.048 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-3948-05
The Effects of Integrated Rice-crab Production on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
WANG Qing1,WANG Wu1,MA Xu-zhou1,CHEN Zai-zhong1,YU Yong-qing2
(1. College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
2. Panshan county Technology Institute of Crab, Panjin City, Panjin 124000, Liaoning, China)
Abstract: The effects of integrated rice-crab production on soil physical and chemical properties were studied. Integrated rice-crab production could increase the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, NH4+-N and available P of paddy soil, while had no obviouse impact on the content of soil NO3--N. The integrated production also reduced soil pH. In addition, the integrated production increaed the cotent of larger aggregates(>0.2 mm) remarkably, reduce the cotent of smaller aggregates (<0.002 mm) significantly and increased the number of water stable aggregate. These results showed that integrated rice-crab production improved some of the chemical properties of paddy soil and soil texture.
Key words: integrated rice-crab ecosystem; soil physical and chemical properties; nitrogen; phosphorus
稻蟹共作,是有效利用稻田獨特的空間環境和水體資源,把水稻種植、河蟹養殖與自然生態系統有機地結合起來,科學地進行施工和管理,實現農田增產增效、農民增收、農業產業結構得到調整的立體生態農業模式;是充分利用稻蟹共生,使整個稻蟹共生生態系統的能量和物質向有利于水稻和河蟹生長的方向流動,使生態系統內的物質和能量進行良性循環,從而實現資源節約型、環境友好型的功能體系。
稻田養蟹是一種生態型種養新技術,也是當前遼寧省重點推廣的農業適用技術,以盤錦市盤山縣為例,2002年稻田養蟹面積為1.67萬hm2,2007年已達2.53萬hm2,養殖面積占全省水稻種植面積的4%左右。2008年開始在全省推廣,2009年遼寧省稻田養殖面積已達9.0萬hm2。關于有機肥對土壤理化性質影響的研究有許多報道[1-4];但是,有關稻蟹共作對土壤理化性質和有效養分影響的研究鮮見報道。……