\\摘要:在分析濰坊市城市綠地面積動態變化的基礎上,利用碳稅法、影子價格法、替代費用法、造林成本法等方法計算了2001~2009年濰坊市城市綠地生態系統的環境凈化服務價值。結果表明,2001~2009年濰坊市城市綠地的環境凈化服務價值由0.710×108元增至1.683×108元,增加了0.973×108元,年平均增長率為11.39%。在濰坊市城市綠地生態系統環境凈化服務總價值構成中,其固碳釋氧服務價值占總價值的51%,而其凈化空氣、滯塵、減弱噪聲服務的價值占總價值的49%。城市綠地的固碳釋氧服務具有地域空間的可轉移性,可以由城市以外的自然生態系統補償,而其凈化空氣、滯塵與減弱噪聲服務則不具有地域空間的可轉移性,這些生態系統服務更加重要。加強城市綠地建設、提高城市綠化水平是改善濰坊市城市生態環境和提高城市居民生活質量的有效措施。
關鍵詞:城市綠地;生態系統;環境凈化服務;價值評估;濰坊市
中圖分類號:X171.1 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-3929-05
Environment Purification Service Value of Urban Green Space Ecosystem
in Weifang City
XIAO Zi-min1,WANG Li-hua2,HAO Liang3,WU Li-yun3
(1. Department of Elementary Education, Zibo Normal College, Zibo 255130, Shandong,China;
2. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109,Shandong, China;
3. Linyi Forestry Science Research Institute, Linyi 276000, Shandong,China)
Abstract: Based on the analysis of dynamic variation of urban green space area, the purification services value of urban green spaces in Weifang city from 2001 to 2009 were calculated using carbon tax method, shadow price method, displacement cost method and afforestation cost method. The calculation results indicated that the yearly total purification services value of urban green space in Weifang had increased dramatically from 0.710×108 yuan RMB in 2001 to 1.683×108 yuan RMB in 2009. There were a net increase of 0.973×108 yuan RMB and a 11.39% of yearly net increase rate of total purification services value in this period. The value of carbon fixation and oxygen release service accounted for 51% of the total purification services value of urban green space in Weifang, while the service value of absorbing harmful gas, dust and reducing noise accounted for 49%. The carbon fixation and oxygen release service of urban green space could be transferred among different areas, while the service of absorbing harmful gas, dust and reducing noise could not be transferred. To strengthen the construction of urban green space and raise urban green coverage rate were effective measures for improving urban environment quality and urban resident life standard of Weifang city.
Key words: urban green space; ecosystem; environment purification service; value assessment; Weifang city
生態系統服務是指生態系統及其生態過程所形成并維持的人類賴以生存的自然環境條件與效用,以及對人類生存及提高生活質量有貢獻的產品和功能[1]。自Costanza等[2]發表論文以來,各國學者開始對各類生態系統的服務價值進行專門研究,研究對象從大尺度和單一生態系統逐漸轉向中尺度區域,并開始關注生態系統服務價值的動態變化及人類活動的驅動機制,基于生態系統服務價值評價的區域綜合管理也開始受到科學家、管理者和政策制定者的重視[2,3]。……