摘要:2008~2009年采用雨水收集法監(jiān)測了蘋果輪紋病菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)孢子田間釋放動態(tài),結(jié)果表明從5月中旬至9月均能成功收集到蘋果輪紋病菌孢子。5月中下旬出現(xiàn)孢子釋放小高峰,6月下旬至8月中下旬為孢子釋放高峰期。摸清蘋果輪紋病菌孢子釋放動態(tài)可為深入開展針對性防治輪紋病、抗病育苗等方面的工作提供技術(shù)手段和依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:蘋果輪紋病菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea);孢子;監(jiān)測;釋放規(guī)律
中圖分類號:S432.4+2;S436.611.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)19-3975-03
Releasing Regulation of Conidiophore of Botryosphaeria dothidea in Orchards
WANG Pei-song,LIU Bao-you,LUAN Bing-hui,ZHANG Wei,WANG Ying-zi
(Yantai Agricultural Sci & Tech Institute, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China)
Abstact: Releasing regulation of conidiophore of Botryospaeria dothidea was monitored by rain-collecting method from 2008 to 2009. The results demonstrated that spores could be collected from mid-May to September. In mid-to-late May, there was a little peak for spore amount. High peak appeared from late-June to mid-to-late August. Finding out the releasing regulation of conidiophores of Botryospaeria dothidea could provide technical methods and guide for deep development of prevention and control of Ring rot and Disease-resistant seedlings.
Key words: Botryospaeria dothidea; conidiophore; monitoring; releasing regulation
環(huán)渤海灣的氣候及主要土壤類型適于生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)蘋果。該區(qū)域被農(nóng)業(yè)部確定為我國蘋果優(yōu)勢主產(chǎn)區(qū),但同時也是適宜病害發(fā)生的區(qū)域。煙臺是環(huán)渤海蘋果優(yōu)勢主產(chǎn)區(qū)中的主產(chǎn)地之一,年種植面積達(dá)17萬hm2,產(chǎn)量近400萬t,其中紅富士蘋果種植面積占種植總面積的80.68%。由蘋果輪紋病菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)引起的蘋果輪紋病是渤海灣蘋果生產(chǎn)中的主要病害之一,尤其紅富士等易感輪紋病品種的廣泛種植,造成輪紋病在各地蘋果園普遍發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重發(fā)病園果實(shí)發(fā)病率達(dá)40%以上[1];且蘋果枝干輪紋病發(fā)生日趨嚴(yán)重,據(jù)調(diào)查該病在山東省發(fā)生最為嚴(yán)重,發(fā)病率100%,病情指數(shù)87.20[2]。
目前,防控蘋果輪紋病仍以化學(xué)防治為主[3],但缺少對煙臺當(dāng)?shù)靥O果輪紋病流行學(xué)方面的系統(tǒng)研究,加上果農(nóng)缺乏對蘋果輪紋病的深入了解,隨意增加農(nóng)藥使用次數(shù)和加大農(nóng)藥用量,不僅浪費(fèi)大量農(nóng)藥,還導(dǎo)致果品農(nóng)藥殘留超標(biāo)和環(huán)境污染,進(jìn)而危害人體健康。對蘋果輪紋病菌的抗藥性監(jiān)測表明,該菌已對多菌靈[4]、戊唑醇[5]等常用殺菌劑產(chǎn)生了低水平抗藥性。……