摘要:在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,要提高農(nóng)作物總產(chǎn)量有兩條途徑:一是靠擴(kuò)大種植面積,二是靠提高單位面積產(chǎn)量。我國由于人多地少,只能采取第二個(gè)途徑。在廣大的北方地區(qū),熱量資源一季有余,兩季不足,或在南方大部分省市兩季有余,三季不足,若進(jìn)行合理的套作,可充分利用當(dāng)?shù)氐墓鉄豳Y源,提高土地利用率,是實(shí)現(xiàn)提高單位面積產(chǎn)量的有效途徑。綜述了套作的概念、常見的套作模式及套作栽培的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),分析了套作栽培技術(shù)的重要意義及其增產(chǎn)機(jī)理。
關(guān)鍵詞:套作;栽培技術(shù);應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀;分析
中圖分類號(hào):S344.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2011)19-3909-04
Analysis on the Adoption Status of Relay Cropping Cultivation Techniques in China
LEI Hai-xia1,ZHANG Chang-sheng2,LUO Kai-shi2,ZHOU Pei-jian3,ZHOU Jiang-xia4,
CHEN Ai-wu4,ZHOU Guang-sheng1
(1.College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
2.National Agri-Technique Extension and Service Centre, Beijing 100026, China; 3.Department of Agriculture of Jiangxi Province,
Nanchang 330046, China; 4. Department of Agriculture of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract:In agricultural production, there are two ways to increase crop yield, one by expansion of area and the other by increasing the yield of unit area. In Chinese, there are too many people and too little land, so only the second way was available. In the vast northern region, the energy resource is more for one crop, but not enough for two crops in one year. And in most southern region, the energy resource is more for two crops, but not enough for three crops in one year. If we adopt reasonable relay cropping, we can take advantage of the local light, heat and land resources. Therefore, relay cropping is an effective way to increase the yield of unit area. The concept of relay cropping and common relay cropping models was summarized, and the significance and mechanism of increasing yield was analyzed.
Key words: relay cropping; cultivation technique; adoption status; analysis
如何在現(xiàn)有耕地上生產(chǎn)出更多農(nóng)產(chǎn)品一直是我國農(nóng)業(yè)工作的重中之重。因此,如何在有限的土地上增加作物產(chǎn)量已成為目前研究的重點(diǎn)[1]。提高農(nóng)作物總產(chǎn)量有兩條途徑:一是靠擴(kuò)大面積,二是靠提高單位面積產(chǎn)量。我國人多地少,人均耕地面積不足0.086 7 hm2,因此要提高農(nóng)作物總產(chǎn)量必須通過提高單位面積產(chǎn)量的途徑來實(shí)現(xiàn)。廣大北方地區(qū),特別是無霜期較短、生長季節(jié)中熱量資源一季有余、兩季不足的地區(qū),以及南方熱量資源兩季有余、三季不足的大部分地區(qū)實(shí)行合理套作,可充分利用當(dāng)?shù)氐墓鉄豳Y源,提高土地利用率和單位面積產(chǎn)量,從而提高農(nóng)作物總產(chǎn)[2]。
農(nóng)作物套作是農(nóng)作物種植方式的組成部分。我國套作模式形式多樣,是充分利用自然資源、抗拒自然災(zāi)害、緩和勞力高峰、實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收、增加經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要手段之一[3]。……